Regulation of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatic beta(2)-adrenoceptor by adrenergic agonists
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Authors: Dugan, SG; Lortie, MB; Nickerson, JG; Moon, TW
Abstract
The characteristics of hepatic beta(2)-adrenoceptors (AR) were examined in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) chased once per day to exhaustion for up to 7 days or fed the repartitioning agents clenbuterol (CLEN) or ractopamine (RACT) that function in mammals as beta-agonists. A one-day chase and feeding the CLEN for 37 days resulted in a significant 27% and 33% decrease, respectively, in the number of CGP-binding sites (B-max) with no significant change in affinity (K-d) of hepatic beta(2)-ARs. Despite the significant decrease in beta(2)-AR numbers with CLEN feeding, no significant differences were found for either beta(2)-AR mRNA levels or adenylyl cyclase (ACase) activities. In addition, CLEN displayed only partial agonist activities as, it. was found to be more effective at blocking isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP production in isolated hepatocytes than stimulating cAMP production. The small affects of RACT may be related to its low active stereoisomer content and low affinity for the trout beta(2)-AR. Agonist regulation of the trout hepatic beta(2)-ARs may involve down-regulation of the receptors without affecting responsiveness. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The beta-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol is a potent inhibitor of the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in vitro and in vivo
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
Authors: Izeboud, CA; Monshouwer, M; van Miert, ASJPAM; Witkamp, RF
Abstract
Objective and Design: To investigate the suppressive effects of the beta-agonist clenbuterol on the release of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-model of inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. Material and Subjects: Human U-937 cell line (monocyte-derived macrophages), and male Wistar rats (200-250 g). Treatment: U-937 macrophages were incubated with LPS at 1 mu g/ml, with or without 1.0 mM-0.1 nM test drugs (clen-buterol and other cAMP elevating agents) for 1-24 h. Rats were administered either 1 or 10 mu g/kg clenbuterol (or saline) orally, 1 h before intraperitoneal administration of 2 mg/kg LPS. Methods and Results: TNF-alpha and IL-6 time-concentration profiles were determined both in culture media and plasma, using ELISA's and bioassays. LPS-mediated release of both cytokines was significantly suppressed by clenbuterol. Conclusions: The beta-agonist clenbuterol very potently suppresses the LPS-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 both in vitro and in vivo.