Anti-TEK Monoclonal antibody

Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) continues to be an important cause of visual impairment in children despite advances in medical and surgical treatment options. The progressive and blinding nature of the disease, together with the long lifespan of the affected population, necessitates a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology of PCG and the development of long-lasting treatment options. The first part of this review discusses the genetic features and makeup of this disorder, including all currently identified genetic loci (GLC3A, GLC3B, GLC3C and GLC3D) and relevant protein targets important for trabecular and Schlemm canal dysgenesis. These target molecules primarily include CYP1B1, LTBP2, and TEK/Tie2 proteins. Their potential roles in PCG pathogenesis are discussed with the purpose of bringing the readers up to date on the molecular genetics aspect of this disorder. Special emphasis is placed on functional implications of reported genetic mutations in the setting of PCG. The second part of the review focuses on various modifications and refinements to the traditional surgical approaches performed to treat PCG, including advances in goniotomy and trabeculotomy ab externo techniques, glaucoma drainage implant surgery and cyclodiode photocoagulation techniques that ultimately provide safer surgical approaches and more effective intraocular pressure control in the 21st century.

An amperometric H-2 gas sensor was fabricated on microporous PTFE sheet using Pt NP-decorated on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via wet chemical synthesis and vacuum filtration processes. The various material analysis methods such as SEM coupled with EDS, TEM, and XRD were employed in order to characterize microstructures, morphologies and elemental composition of the prepared Pt-MWNTs material. The electrode showed the nanoporous structures with intricate surface morphology as a consequence of Pt agglomerates bonded to MWNTs. The TEM and XRD results confirmed the small Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) sizes of 0.5-4.7 nm and the polycrystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) structures. The measured electrochemical surface area (ESA) of the Pt-MWNTs-modified glassy carbon electrode was 235.2 cm(2)/mg by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) which was 1.2 times higher than that of commercial 20 wt% Pt-C (E-Tek). Furthermore, amperometric gas sensing measurements were performed to evaluate the gas sensing properties of sensor. The Pt-MWNTs electrode shows high sensitivity of 0.269 mu A/ppm in H-2 detection, an excellent linear response, reproducibility and long term stability. Moreover, this electrode was also evaluated in terms of response and recovery times, high detective limit of cross-selectivity to interfering species such as CO, NH3. Therefore, the obtained results show good sensing performance of Pt-MWNTs electrode of H-2 detection.