Human TEK/Tie-2(Angiopoietin Receptor Tie2) ELISA Kit

Change in Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is not easily understood in terms of Western innovation discourses. In fact, innovations in the sense of modern and growth-oriented technologies are common sources for the erosion of TEK. This article brings together current literatures on TEK and innovation studies in addressing questions about the governance of socio-ecological change. First, we connect TEK to shifting meanings of ?innovation' that emphasize contributions to societal goals rather than economic growth or technological modernization. Second, we situate these shifts in governance frameworks of ?responsible innovation?. Third, we argue that the case for self-determination of traditional communities also identifies limits of integrating TEK with recent innovation discourses. As change in traditional communities is part of a wider political set of struggles about conditions of change and decolonization, debates about innovation require engagement with underlying social justice issues beyond mainstream debates about responsible governance.

The ability to precisely control the nanoscale phase structure of bimetallic catalysts is required to achieve a synergistic effect between two metals for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, we synthesized Pt-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with Ag@Pt core-shell, highly alloyed solid and hollow nanostructures respectively, via a galvanic replacement reaction by modifying H2PtCl6 concentration in an aqueous solution containing homemade Ag NPs as the sacrificial templates. The nanophase and corresponding electronic structures of the synthesized Pt-Ag NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The formation of these Pt-Ag NPs with different nanophase structures is closely ascribed to a defect-induced Kirkendall effect that involves the accelerated interdiffusion of Ag and Pt atoms, triggered by the high density of defects along the Ag NP surface generated by the galvanic replacement reaction. The nanophase structure-dependent electrocatalytic activity of three Pt-Ag bimetallic NPs was determined in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution by using a rotating disk electrode (RDE). The results showed that the core-shell and hollow alloy NPs exhibit excellent ORR activity in acidic solution, which is remarkably higher than that of the commercial Pt/C (E-TEK). The physical origin of the enhancement in the ORR activity can be explained by a mutual ligand effect, raised by the substantial electronic transfer between Pt and Ag at the atomic level, which results from the downshift of the d-band center for Pt and the increased number of the unpaired electrons for Ag in these bimetallic catalysts. Thus two factors achieve a synergistic effect that dominates the remarkably improved electrocatalytic activity for the ORR.