Sulfadiazine [HRP]

"Wound, pressure ulcer and burn guidelines - 6: Guidelines for the management of burns, second edition" is revised from the first edition which was published in the Japanese Journal of Dermatology in 2016. The guidelines were drafted by the Wound, Pressure Ulcer and Burn Guidelines Drafting Committee delegated by the Japanese Dermatological Association, and intend to facilitate physicians' clinical decisions in preventing, diagnosing and treating burn injury. All sections are updated by collecting documents published since the publication of the first edition. Especially, the recommendation levels of dressing materials newly covered by the Japanese national health insurance are mentioned. In addition, the clinical questions (CQ) regarding the initial treatment of electrical (CQ15) and chemical burns (CQ16), and also the use of escharotomy (CQ22), are newly created.

Manure application can spread antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from manure to soil and surface water. This study evaluated the role of the soil texture on the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in soils and surrounding surface waters. Six dairy farms with distinct soil textures (clay, sand, and peat) were sampled at different time points after the application of manure, and three representative ARGs sul1, erm(B), and tet(W) were quantified with qPCR. Manuring initially increased levels of erm(B) by 1.5 +/- 0.5 log copies/kg of soil and tet (W) by 0.8 +/- 0.4 log copies/kg across soil textures, after which levels gradually declined. In surface waters from clay environments, regardless of the ARG, the gene levels initially increased by 2.6 +/- 1.6 log copies/L, after which levels gradually declined. The gene decay in soils was strongly dependent on the type of ARG (erm (B) b tet(W) b sul1; half-lives of 7, 11, and 75 days, respectively), while in water, the decay was primarily dependent on the soil texture adjacent to the sampled surface water (clay b peat b sand; half-lives of 2, 6, and 10 days, respectively). Finally, recovery of ARG levels was predicted after 29-42 days. The results thus showed that there was not a complete restoration of ARGs in soils between rounds of manure application. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that rather than showing similar dynamics of decay, factors such as the type of ARGand soil texture drive the ARG persistence in the environment. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.