Preventing Toxic Childhood Stress in the COVID Era: A Role for Telemedicine
TELEMEDICINE AND E-HEALTH
Authors: Bottino, Clement J.
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has resulted in unprecedented stress for families and children. Curve-flattening measures have disrupted the relational networks of millions. Stress in the absence of protective relationships can quickly become toxic, harming mental and physical health. If toxic stress is characterized by an absence of protective relationships, telemedicine may have a role in collective prevention efforts by enabling and preserving patient-provider continuity. Through virtual visits and check-ins, trusted health care providers can serve as a source of emotional support and psychosocial buffering for families under stress. By leveraging technology to deliver care remotely, telemedicine lets patients and providers connect, relate, and engage. Connection enables the conveyance of compassion and empathy. Telemedicine may thus serve as an important conduit for fostering protective relationships, buffering toxic stressors, and promoting safety and healing. Telemedicine will not resolve the needs created by the pandemic, but it may be one component for addressing them.
Multi-modular engineering ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaefor high-titre production of tyrosol and salidroside
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Authors: Liu, Huayi; Tian, Yujuan; Zhou, Yi; Kan, Yeyi; Wu, Tingting; Xiao, Wenhai; Luo, Yunzi
Abstract
Tyrosol and its glycosylated product salidroside are important ingredients in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmetics. Despite the ability ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeto naturally synthesize tyrosol, high yield fromde novosynthesis remains a challenge. Here, we used metabolic engineering strategies to constructS. cerevisiaestrains for high-level production of tyrosol and salidroside from glucose. First, tyrosol production was unlocked from feedback inhibition. Then, transketolase and ribose-5-phosphate ketol-isomerase were overexpressed to balance the supply of precursors. Next, chorismate synthase and chorismate mutase were overexpressed to maximize the aromatic amino acid flux towards tyrosol synthesis. Finally, the competing pathway was knocked out to further direct the carbon flux into tyrosol synthesis. Through a combination of these interventions, tyrosol titres reached 702.30 +/- 0.41 mg l(-1)in shake flasks, which were approximately 26-fold greater than that of the WT strain.RrU8GT33fromRhodiola roseawas also applied to cells and maximized salidroside production from tyrosol inS. cerevisiae. Salidroside titres of 1575.45 +/- 19.35 mg l(-1)were accomplished in shake flasks. Furthermore, titres of 9.90 +/- 0.06 g l(-1)of tyrosol and 26.55 +/- 0.43 g l(-1)of salidroside were achieved in 5 l bioreactors, both are the highest titres reported to date. The synergistic engineering strategies presented in this study could be further applied to increase the production of high value-added aromatic compounds derived from the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway inS. cerevisiae.