Coupling of strike-slip faulting and lacustrine basin evolution: sequence stratigraphy, structure, and sedimentation in the North Yellow Sea Basin (West Bay Basin offshore North Korea), eastern China
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
Authors: Wang, Ren; Shi, Wanzhong; Xie, Xiangyang; Zhang, Xianping; Wang, Liaoliang; Manger, Walter; Busbey, Arthur B.
Abstract
The North Yellow Sea Basin in offshore areas of eastern China provides a unique opportunity to document the interaction between the paleo-Eurasian and circum-Pacific tectonic domains and the coupled relationship between Tanlu Fault strike-slip activity, intrabasinal tectonics and sedimentation. This study combines well data, three-dimensional (3-D), and two-dimensional (2-D) seismic data to make regional tectonics interpretations, and delineate the sequence stratigraphy, geological structure and sedimentary history of the basin's Eastern depression, particularly focusing on the influence of Tanlu Fault strike-slip activity on basin evolution. The Eastern depression data record the development of five second-order stratigraphic sequences, both the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic fault systems with basement F1, F2 and F3 faults, and the deposition of various deltaic, fan delta, lacustrine, and subaqueous fan facies associations. The F1 and F3 faults controlled the NW- and NE-trending secondary faults and associated Mesozoic sedimentation within the depression, while the F1 and F2 faults jointly controlled the development of NE- and near E W trending secondary faults and associated Cenozoic sedimentation. The results indicate that the plate movements and Tanlu episodic, strike-slip faulting generated a left-lateral stress field in the Early Cretaceous, that switched to a right-lateral stress field during the middle Eocene to Oligocene. This transformation produced secondary shear stress fields in the North Yellow Sea Basin and generated NE-trending rifting superimposed on the previous NW-trending rift generation, and controlled the related structural geology and sedimentation in the Eastern depression of the basin. This proposed explanation of a tectonic regime transformation model, coupled with Tanlu strike-slip movements, could also provide new insights into the differences in gaps that occur in the stratigraphic record for the North Yellow Sea Basin and adjacent areas in eastern China.
The migration, transformation, and risk assessment of heavy metals in residue and bio-oil obtained by the liquefaction of pig manure
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Authors: Luan, Hui; Liu, Fen; Long, Shundong; Liu, Zhuangzhuang; Qi, Yanting; Xiao, Zhihua; Fang, Jun
Abstract
The total contents and chemical speciation analysis of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cd, and As in pig manure (PM), liquefaction residues (LRs), and bio-oils (BOs) derived from PM by liquefaction with ethanol as a solvent at 180-300 degrees C were thoroughly investigated in this study. The environment risk assessment, leachability, and bioavailability of heavy metals in PM and LRs were studied. The results showed that more than 75% of heavy metals remained in LRs. The total contents of heavy metals in LRs were markedly elevated, but those in BOs gradually decreased with the increase in liquefaction temperature. Moreover, the acid soluble/exchangeable fraction and reducible fraction (F1 + F2) of heavy metals in LRs and BOs was significantly reduced, while oxidizable fraction and stable fraction (F3 + F4) desirably increased after liquefaction. Furthermore, the potential risk of heavy metals in LRs was decreased in comparison to that in PM, but the risk of Pb, Mn, and As had not been obviously reduced; therefore, the LRs from the liquefaction of PM should be pretreated before recycling. Temperatures from 220 to 260 degrees C were the optimum conditions for disposing of PM by liquefaction with ethanol.