Dihydrotestosterone is a hormone that stimulates the development of male characteristics (an androgen). It is made through conversion of the more commonly known androgen, testosterone. Almost 10% of the testosterone produced by an adult each day is converted by the testes and prostate (in men), the ovaries (in women), the skin and other parts of the body to dihydrotestosterone.
Antigen Description
Dihydrotestosterone is a biologically active metabolite of the hormone testosterone, formed primarily in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands by the enzyme 5a-reductase by means of reducing the 4,5 double-bond. Dihydrotestosterone is produced by males in utero and is responsible for the formation of male gender-specific characteristics as well as contributing to other characteristics generally attributed to males, including facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice.
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Background
DHT or dihydrotestosterone is converted from testosterone by the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme, and more bioactive than testosterone in men. It predominantly targets the prostate, hair follicles, testes and other tissues, and contributes to male secondary sex features by forming and retaining them.
DHT is synthesized in large part through the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase, which breaks the double bond between positions 4 and 5 of the testosterone molecule to create DHT. The testosterone in healthy men swells to the prostate as a building block for the eventual production of DHT, or the prostate converts progesterone via steps into DHT. Furthermore, DHEA and DHEA sulfate released from the adrenal glands are converted either in a sequential manner to DHT or testosterone then DHT. DHT is 2-3 times more biologically active than testosterone in men and reaches the androgen receptor for a more biological effect. DHT is metabolized mainly by beta-ketosteroid dehydrogenase, which reduces it to 3α-androstanediol, which is subsequently bound to glucosinolates and excreted in the urine.
Figure 1. The metabolic pathways responsible for deactivating DHT (Source: Swerdloff RS, et al. 2017)
DHT is involved in the maintenance of the male sex system. It also helps the external genitals and prostate grow well and function well. Additionally, DHT is a stimulant of sperm development and also maintains male secondary sexual characteristics (like body hair, muscle tone, and low voice). In adult men, DHT is also involved in maintaining libido, bone health, and protein synthesis. Abnormal DHT levels are associated with a variety of diseases. Expansive prostates, for instance, tend to have elevated serum DHT, and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (e.g., finasteride) are often administered to patients with this type of disorder to reduce DHT levels. Further, higher DHT levels are strongly correlated with male pattern hair loss, and therefore medications also slow hair loss by blocking 5-alpha-reductase. High DHT in women is a source of hirsutism and other manifestations of hyperandrogenism (present as decreased serum DHT in some disorders). Furthermore, 5-alpha-reductase deficiency can be responsible for male pseudohermaphroditism because lack of DHT interferes with the normal growth of the external genitals.
Alternative Names
DHT [HRP]
References
1. Anawalt BD. Is Dihydrotestosterone a Classic Hormone? Endocr Rev. 2017 Jun 1;38(3):170-172.
2. Swerdloff RS, et al. Dihydrotestosterone: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Clinical Implications of Elevated Blood Levels. Endocr Rev. 2017 Jun 1;38(3):220-254.
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Figure 1. The metabolic pathways responsible for deactivating DHT
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