Anti-Complement C3b-iC3b monoclonal antibody, clone 4F8

Background The high-density silicone oil (Densiron), a mixture of F6H8 with silicone oil, has been used in the management of retinal detachment (RD) complicated by the presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) with varying rate of anatomical success and visual outcomes. Methods We conducted a prospective interventional case series of 22 eyes in 22 children less than 18 years diagnosed with complicated retinal detachment complicated by the presence of PVR in inferior quadrant. Results The mean age of the patients was 8.45 +/- 3.36 years. There were 14 male and 8 female children. Five patients presented with total RD, 5 had subtotal RD and remaining 10 with inferior retinal detachment. There were 8 children with PVR C1, 13 with PVR C2, 3 with PVR C3. All patient's had macula off RD at presentation. The anatomical success in the form of attached retina was achieved in 21 (95.45%) eyes. Standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy without scleral buckling under general anesthesia was surgical technique employed in all cases. Conclusion Densiron can be an important tamponade agent in pediatric retinal detachment complicated by PVR with increased success rate of retinal re-attachment.

Background The complement cascade is increasingly implicated in development of a variety of diseases with strong immune contributions such as Alzheimer's disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mouse models have been used to determine function of central components of the complement cascade such as C1q and C3. However, species differences in their gene structures mean that mice do not adequately replicate human complement regulators, includingCR1andCR2. Genetic variation inCR1andCR2have been implicated in modifying disease states but the mechanisms are not known. Results To decipher the roles of humanCR1andCR2in health and disease, we engineered C57BL/6J (B6) mice to replace endogenous murineCr2with human complement receptors,CR1andCR2(B6.CR2CR1). CR1 has an array of allotypes in human populations and using traditional recombination methods (Flp-frtandCre-loxP) two of the most common alleles (referred to here asCR1(long)andCR1(short)) can be replicated within this mouse model, along with aCR1knockout allele (CR1(KO)). Transcriptional profiling of spleens and brains identified genes and pathways differentially expressed between mice homozygous for eitherCR1(long), CR1(short)orCR1(KO). Gene set enrichment analysis predicts hematopoietic cell number and cell infiltration are modulated byCR1(long),but notCR1(short)orCR1(KO). Conclusion The B6.CR2CR1mouse model provides a novel tool for determining the relationship between human-relevantCR1alleles and disease.