Rabbit Anti-Human RAN (a.a. 1-171) Polyclonal antibody

Land-use change has been the strongest driver of vegetation cover change in the world. In the South American Dry Chaco (similar to 1 M km(2); PPT/ET0 < 0.65), native dry forests are experiencing high deforestation rates that tend to continue in the coming years. Here, we used a hydrological model (Hydrus 1-D) to analyze changes in the water balance triggered by the replacement of dry forests by annual rainfed summer crops. We found that transpiration represented the main water vapour flux in both vegetation covers (59 and 48% of annual rainfall in dry forest and cropland, respectively), followed by evaporation (31 and 30%, respectively) and interception (11 and 9%, respectively). Runoff was five times higher in the cropland compared to the dry forest (10 vs. 2%; p < 0.01). Deep drainage was a negligible water flux in dry forests but it represented 4% of annual rainfall in croplands (p < 0.01), reaching values of zero and 130 mm year(-1) for dry and wet years, respectively. Our results highlight the key role of vegetation cover controlling ecosystem water fluxes in the Dry Chaco. More generally, we suggest that the expansion of dryland cultivation can modify the regional water balance and threaten the primary production of ecosystems in the long run.

The present work describes a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay with diode array detection (DAD) for the determination of rhein, an active metabolite of diacerein, in spiked rabbit plasma. The plasma samples were subjected to one-step liquid-liquid extraction using a protein precipitating agent. The separation of rhein was achieved on an RP C18 hypersil-ODS column (250x4.6mm, 5 mu m). The mobile phase consisted of a binary mixture of methanol and water (15: 85 v/v, pH 4.7) run under the isocratic system at a flow rate of 1 ml.min(-1), the wavelength of DAD was set at 210 nm. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability according to the International Council for Harmonization (ICH guidelines). The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.015-5 mu g. ml(-1) for rhein with the coefficient of regression (r(2)) of value 0.9980. Extraction recovery for rhein from rabbit plasma was in the range of 95.0% to 98.60% to different sample concentrations. The retention time of rhein was observed at 5.34 min. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 5 ng.ml(-1) and 15 ng.ml(-1) respectively. The assay method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of diacerein plain aqueous dispersion in albino rabbits.