Anti-GSP1 polyclonal antibody

Community participation is a frequently mentioned theme in palliative care projects. Yet most of the projects claiming to be community-led have only minimal participation from the community, usually in the form of resource mobilization. Achieving higher levels of participation, the process of involving community collectives as partners in running, and later taking responsibility to sustain and own the program, is more complex and more difficult to achieve. Common barriers include lack of the mandatory preparatory work to understand the social and political dynamics of the community, facilitators' values and agenda assuming the dominant role in the project, unwillingness on the part of facilitators to give up control and problems with the 'political process' that should go with capacity building. Another issue is that community mobilization, being a dynamic cascading process, does not yield to conventional methods of evaluation.

Agricultural land expansion and intensification, driven by human consumption of agricultural goods, are among the major threats to environmental degradation and biodiversity conservation. Land degradation can ultimately hamper agricultural production through a decrease in ecosystem services. Thus, designing viable land use policies is a key sustainability challenge. We develop a model describing the coupled dynamics of human demography and landscape composition, while imposing a trade-off between agricultural expansion and intensification. We model land use strategies spanning from low-intensity agriculture and high land conversion rates per person to high-intensity agriculture and low land conversion rates per person; and explore their consequences on the long-term dynamics of the coupled human-land system. We seek to characterise the strategies' viability in the long run; and understand the mechanisms that potentially lead to large-scale land degradation and population collapse due to resource scarcity. We show that the viability of land use strategies strongly depends on the land's intrinsic recovery rate. We also find that socio-ecological collapses occur when agricultural intensification is not accompanied by a sufficient decrease in land conversion. Based on these findings we stress the dangers of uninformed land use planning and the importance of precautionary behaviour for land use management and land use policy design.