Anti-Human NFKB2 (C-terminal) Polyclonal antibody

The NF-kappa B signaling cascade relays external signals essential for B-cell growth and survival. This cascade is frequently hijacked by cancers that arise from the malignant transformation of germinal center (GC) B cells, underscoring the importance of deciphering the function of NF-kappa B in these cells. The NF-kappa B signaling cascade is comprised of two branches, the canonical and alternative NF-kappa B pathways, mediated by distinct transcription factors. The expression and function of the transcription factors of the alternative pathway, RELB and NF-kappa B2, in late B-cell development is incompletely understood. Using conditional deletion of relb and nfkb2 in GC B cells, we here report that ablation of both RELB and NF-kappa B2, but not of the single transcription factors, resulted in the collapse of established GCs. RELB/ NF-kappa B2 deficiency in GC B cells was associated with impaired cell-cycle entry and reduced expression of the cell-surface receptor inducible T-cell costimulator ligand that promotes optimal interactions between B and T cells. Analysis of human tonsillar tissue revealed that plasma cells and their precursors in the GC expressed high levels of NF-kappa B2 relative to surrounding lymphocytes. Accordingly, deletion of nfkb2 in murine GC B cells resulted in a dramatic reduction of antigen-specific antibody-secreting cells, whereas deletion of relb had no effect. These results demonstrate that the transcription factors of the alternative NF-kappa B pathway control distinct stages of late B-cell development, which may have implications for B-cell malignancies that aberrantly activate this pathway.

Human T regulatory cells (T regs) express high levels of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Ligation of TNFR2 with TNF, which can recognise both TNFR1 and TNFR2, or with a TNFR2-selective binding molecule, DARP in 18 (D18) activates canonical NF-KB signalling, assessed by hcBoi degradation, and the magnitude of the response correlates with the level of TNFR2 expression. RNA-seq analysis of TNF- or D18-treated human T regs revealed that TNFR2 ligation induces transcription of NFKB2 and RELB, encoding proteins that form the non-canonical NF-KB transcription factor. In combination with IL2, D18 treatment is specific for T regs in (1) stabilising NF-kappa B-inducing kinase protein, the activator of non-canonical NF-kappa B signalling, (2) inducing translocation of ReIB from cytosol to nucleus, (3) increasing cell cycle entry, and (4) increasing cell numbers. However, the regulatory function of the expanded T regs is unaltered. Inhibition of ReIB nuclear translocation blocks the proliferative response. We conclude that ligation of TNFR2 by D18 enhances IL2-induced T regs proliferation and expansion in cell number through the non-canonical NF-kappa B pathway.