Rabbit Anti-Human MPO Polyclonal Antibody

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity has been associated with the metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular and liver disease. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of MPO inhibition on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NASH-induced fibrosis, the main determinant of outcomes. MPO plasma levels were elevated in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared with healthy controls. In a second cohort, hepatic MPO messenger RNA expression correlated with higher body mass index and hemoglobin A1c, both being risk factors for NAFLD. We could establish by immunohistochemistry that MPO-positive cells were recruited to the liver in various mouse models of fibrogenic liver injury, including bile duct ligation, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment, spontaneous liver fibrogenesis in multidrug resistance 2 knockout (MDR2 KO) mice, and NASH-inducing diet. Comparison of MPO-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates exposed to a high-caloric diet revealed that MPO deficiency protects against NASH-related liver injury and fibrosis. In line with this, hepatic gene expression analysis demonstrated a MPO-dependent activation of pathways relevant for wound healing, inflammation, and cell death in NASH. MPO deficiency did not affect NAFLD-independent liver injury and fibrosis in MDR2 KO or CCl4-treated mice. Finally, we treated wild-type mice exposed to NASH-inducing diet with an oral MPO inhibitor. Pharmacological MPO inhibition not only reduced markers of MPO-mediated liver damage, serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and hepatic steatosis, but also significantly decreased NASH-induced liver fibrosis. MPO inhibitor treatment, but not MPO deficiency, significantly altered gut microbiota including a significant expansion ofAkkermansia muciniphila.Conclusions:MPO specifically promotes NASH-induced liver fibrosis. Pharmacological MPO inhibition attenuates NASH progression and NASH-induced liver fibrosis in mice and is associated with beneficial changes of intestinal microbiota.

Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induces selective neuronal injury in the hippocampus, leading to severe impairment in behavior, learning, and memory functions. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of bisoprolol (biso) and vitamin E (vit E) treatment alone or in combination on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of 30 male rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 6), sham, I/R, I/R + biso, I/R + vit E, and I/R + biso+vit E. Cerebral I/R group underwent global ischemia by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 20 min. Treatment groups received drugs once daily intraperitoneally for 7 days before the I/R induction. Locomotive and cognitive behaviors were utilized by open-field and Morris water maze tests. After behavioral testing, the brain was removed and processed to evaluate cerebral infarct size, histopathologic changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In I/R group tissue MDA and MPO levels and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased in comparison with the sham group. Furthermore, significant deficits were observed in locomotion and spatial memory after I/R. The areas of cerebral infarction, MPO, and MDA levels in biso, vit E, and combination group were significantly reduced compared with I/R group. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in leukocyte infiltration in all treated groups with the most profound reduction in the combination group. According to the behavioral tests, administration of biso and/or vit E protected locomotive ability and improved spatial memory after cerebral I/R. Our findings show that biso and vit E have beneficial effects against the I/R injury and due to their synergistic effects when administered in combination, may have a more pronounced protective effect on the cerebral I/R injury.