QbD-Enabled Stability-Indicating Assay Method for the Estimation of Linezolid in Newly Developed Gelatin Nanoparticles for Anti-tubercular Therapy
CHROMATOGRAPHIA
Authors: Patil, Kiran Dayaram; Bagade, S. B.; Bonde, S. C.
Abstract
The day-by-day increase in the novel drug delivery system market produces the utmost need to develop a reliable, robust, and accurate method. Moreover, the recent ICH (ICH Q8-Q11) guidelines recommend the use of modern systemic approaches such as quality by design (QbD) adopted for the development of robust analytical methods. Thus, the aim of the present study is to develop and validate a novel HPLC method for stability profiling after stress degradation studies of linezolid using QbD approach. The risk assessment matrix (RAM) and Taguchi orthogonal model were applied for screening of the most impacted CMAs/CMPs affecting the method performance. The 3(3)Box-Behnken design was employed to interpret the relationship between CMAs/CMPs and CAAs. The optimum chromatographic conditions were citrate-stabilized mobile phase methanol:water (50:50% v/v) at pH 4.0 +/- 0.2 and flowrate of 1.0 mL min(-1)with PDA detection at 251 nm. The stability-indicating capability of the method was verified by forced degradation studies. The method was found to be sensitive, specific, and linear in the concentration range between 5 and 30 mu g mL(-1)with a correlation coefficient (R-2) of 0.9999. The method exhibits a high degree of accuracy, precision, and % recovery (between 99.77 and 101.2%) with LOD (0.053 mu g mL(-1)) and LOQ (0.16 mu g mL(-1)). The QbD-based stability-indicating method was successfully implemented for the detection of LNZ and its DPs in bulk and novel nanoparticulate dosage forms.
Effects of yttria content on the CMAS infiltration resistance of yttria stabilized thermal barrier coatings system
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Chavez, Juan J. Gomez; Naraparaju, Ravisankar; Mechnich, Peter; Kelm, Klemens; Schulz, Uwe; Ramana, C. V.
Abstract
The effects of YO1.5 doping in yttria-zirconia based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) against CMAS interaction/infiltration are discussed. The TBCs with an YO1.5 content ranging from 43-67 mol.% (balance ZrO2) were produced by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) techniques. The results reveal a trend of higher apatite formation probability with the higher free YO1.5 available in the yttriazirconia system. Additionally, the infiltration resistance and amount of consumed coating appears to be strongly dependent on the YO1.5 content in the coating. The thinnest reaction layer and lowest infiltration was found for the highest produced 67YO(1.5) coating. Complementary XRD experiments with volcanic ash/YO1.(5) powder mixtures with higher yttria contents than in the coatings (80YO(1.5) and pure YO1.5) also showed higher apatite formation with respect to increasing yttria content. The threshold composition to promote apatite-based reaction products was found to be around 50YO(1.5) in zirconia which was proved in the coatings and XRD powder experiments. An YO1.5-ZrO2-FeO-TiO2 bearing zirconolite-type phase was formed as a reaction product for all the coating compositions which implicates that TiO2 in the melt acts as a trigger for zirconolite formation. This phase could be detrimental for CMAS/volcanic ash infiltration resistance since it can be formed alongside with apatite which controls or limits the amount of Y-3 available for glass crystallization. The Fe rich garnet phase containing all the possible elements exhibited a slower nucleation compared to apatite and its growth was enhanced with slow cooling rates. The implications of phase stability and heat treatment effects on the reaction products are discussed for tests performed at 1250 degrees C. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.