Anti-C3 (native) polyclonal antibody [FITC]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium and magnesium nanoparticles and their combination on growth, serum biochemical and immune parameters, serum hepatic enzymes, and digestive enzymes in Asian Sea bass (Lates calcarifer), with an average weight of 32.78 +/- 1.16 g for 42 days. After 4 weeks of adaptation to experimental conditions, 96 fish were randomly distributed equally in 12 cylindrical 300-l fiberglass tanks. Four treatment groups included control, 4 mg nano-selenium (Nano-Se), 500 mg nano-magnesium (Nano-Mg), and a combined treatment of 4 mg Nano-SE + 500 mg Nano-Mg treatments examined in this study. The fish fed twice a day as satiation. The results showed fish fed with combined treatment showed the highest rate of body weight gain and the specific growth rate. Digestive enzymes were significantly different between experimental treatments (p < 0.05), whereas amylase did not show a significant difference between experimental treatments (p > 0.05). The results of this study showed that serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and protein indices did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05). The immunoglobulin, IgM, C3, and ACH50 indexes did not differ significantly between the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). But cortisol and lysozyme were significantly different between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). Serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and LDH decreased in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). The results of the present study showed that adding Nano-Se and Nano-Mg to the diet ofL. calcariferhad a positive effect on the growth and non-specific immune system with no disturbance in serum biochemical and hepatic enzymes parameters.

Background: Lipoprotein particles with abnormal compositions, such as lipoprotein X (LP-X) and lipoprotein Z (LP-Z), have been described in cases of obstructive jaundice and cholestasis. The study objectives were to: (1) develop an NMR-based assay for quantification of plasma/serum LP-Z particles, (2) evaluate the assay performance, (3) isolate LP-Z particles and characterize them by lipidomic and proteomic analysis, and (4) quantify LP-Z in subjects with various liver diseases. Methods: Assay performance was assessed for linearity, sensitivity, and precision. Mass spectroscopy was used to characterize the protein and lipid content of isolated LP-Z particles. Results: The assay showed good linearity and precision (2.5-6.3%). Lipid analyses revealed that LP-Z particles exhibit lower cholesteryl esters and higher free cholesterol, bile acids, acylcarnitines, diacylglycerides, dihexosylceramides, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerides, and fatty acids than low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. A proteomic analysis revealed that LP-Z have one copy of apolipoprotein B per particle such as LDL, but less apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, apoC3, apoA-IV and apoC2 and more complement C3. LP-Z were not detected in healthy volunteers or subjects with primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, or type 2 diabetes. LP-Z were detected in some, but not all, subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, and were high in some subjects with alcoholic liver disease. Conclusions: LP-Z differ significantly in their lipid and protein content from LDL. Further studies are needed to fully understand the pathophysiological reason for the enhanced presence of LP-Z particles in patients with cholestasis and alcoholic liver disease.