Active Microwave Thermography to Detect and Locate Water Ingress
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
Authors: Mirala, Ali; Foudazi, Ali; Qaseer, Mohammad Tayeb Al; Donnell, Kristen M.
Abstract
This article reports on the application of a new and efficient nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E) technique referred to as active microwave thermography (AMT) used to detect and locate water ingress within a structure. First, a mathematical formulation and analysis is established that relates the water extension and location to the temperature distribution over the inspection surface and enables evaluation of water from the measured temperature data. Following the analysis, the AMT measurement results of a small volume of water, placed in a rubber sample at a predetermined location, are reported. The results verify the analysis and demonstrate the potential of AMT for water detection. In addition, analysis of the measurement data indicates the potential of AMT for not only detection of water ingress but also accurate depth estimation of small amounts of water ingress.
Comparison of Binding Site of Remdesivir and Its Metabolites with NSP12-NSP7-NSP8, and NSP3 of SARS CoV-2 Virus and Alternative Potential Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment
PROTEIN JOURNAL
Authors: Jung, Lindsey S.; Gund, Tamara M.; Narayan, Mahesh
Abstract
Remdesivir was approved by the U.S.A. Food and Drug administration for emergency use to interfere with the replication of SARS CoV-2 virus (the agent that causes COVID-19) in adults and children hospitalized with severe disease. The crystal structure of the metabolite of remdesivir (Monophosphate of GS-441524) and NSP12-NSP8-NSP7 of SARS CoV-2 virus was recently reported. The crystal structures of ADP-Ribose or AMP and NSP3 of SARS CoV-2 virus were also released, recently. This study compared their binding sites and suggests the crystal structure of NSP3 of SARS CoV-2 virus as an alternative binding site of AMP or ADP-ribose to treat COVID-19. We virtually screened 682 FDA-approved compounds, and the top 10 compounds were selected by analysis of docking scores, (G-score, D-score, and Chemscore) and visual analysis using a structure-based docking approach of NSP3 of SARS CoV-2 virus. All immunization approaches are based on the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein. A recent study reported that the D614G mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein reduces S1 shedding and increases infectivity of SARS COV-2 virus. Therefore, if there is a severe change in the spike protein of a modified Coronavirus, all developed vaccines can lose their efficacy, necessitating the need for an alternative treatment method. The top 10 compounds (FDA-approved) in this study are selected based on NSP 3 binding site, and therefore are a potential viable treatment because they will show potential activity for all mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein.