Magic™ Anti-β-Amyloid, 1-8 monoclonal antibody, clone 3G5

Objective To appraise the available evidence on advanced practice physiotherapy (APP) models of care (MoC) in specialized secondary care such as orthopaedic, rheumatology or neurosurgery outpatients' clinics for adults with spinal pain. Methods Systematic review with meta-analysis. Electronic searches were conducted up to July 2020 in Medline, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL and CINAHL. Studies on APP MoC in specialized secondary care for adults with spinal pain were included. Results Eighteen studies (n = 9405), including two randomized controlled trials and sixteen observational studies were included. One study was considered at high quality, fourteen studies were considered of moderate quality and three were considered of low quality. Pooled results for change in disability for patients with spinal pain reported no significant difference between APP and usual medical care (UMC). Mean wait time for initial consultation was lower with APP (1-9.4 weeks) than with UMC MoC (23-65 weeks). Following the implementation of APP MoC, wait time for a consultation with a medical specialist was reduced (6-16 weeks). Physiotherapists in APP MoC managed independently 89.2% of the patients referred (n = 8393). Stakeholders and patients reported high satisfaction with APP care. Conclusions APP MoC and UMC likely result in comparable pain, disability and quality of life improvement for adults with spinal pain. However, APP MoC have the potential to improve health care access by reducing wait time for consultation in specialized care and maintaining a high level of satisfaction among stakeholders and patients.

App caching is important for mobile devices, which enables fast switching and state restoration of apps by caching all the pages in memory. Memory swapping can improve app caching capability by evicting pages to the secondary storage. However, enabling memory swapping could induce jitters in interactions, which significantly degrades the user experience. As a result, storage-based swapping is disabled by default in most mobile devices. This article proposes a novel swap framework, SEAL, a user experience-aware two-level swapping, which maximizes the benefits of memory swapping and minimizes the negative impact on user experience in interactions. Inspired by a study on the access characteristics of a set of popular apps on mobile devices, the framework adopts compressed memory as the first swap level (SL1) and secondary storage as the second swap level (SL2). To optimize user experience comprehensively, three schemes are proposed. First, a novel page identification scheme is proposed to guide the page placement between these two levels. Second, a hidden page loading (HPL) scheme is proposed to load pages from SL2 to SL1 for optimized user experience during app execution. Finally, an app-granularity swapping scheme is proposed to swap data in the unit of apps. Experiments on real devices show that app caching capability is improved by 2.43x on average when enabling SEAL while minimizing the negative impact on user experience.