Rabbit Anti-Human VIM (Phospho-Ser83) polyclonal antibody

Emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are two of the major problems currently threatening global public health. In Nigeria, interest in CPE is recent. In Sokoto, northwest Nigeria, there are no data on the prevalence and mechanism underlying carbapenem resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of clinical carbapenems-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in two leading hospitals in Sokoto, northwest Nigeria. A total of 292 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens processed in the diagnostic laboratories of two hospitals between January and June 2019 were collected. Of these, 129 (44.2 %) and 19 (6.5%) were resistant to third-generation cephalosporin and carbapenems, respectively. RT-PCR revealed that 10 (7.8%), 19 (14.7%) and 46 (35.7%) of the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates harboured bla(SHV), bla(TEM) and bla(CTX-M) genes, respectively. The modified Carba NP test result showed that only 7 (36.8 %) of the 19 carbapenem-resistant isolates were carbapenemase producing; among them, bla(NDM-5) and bla(OXA-181) genes were identified in five and two isolates, respectively. However, none of the carbapenemase genes investigated, including bla(VIM), bla(KPC) and bla(IMP), was detected in the remaining carbapenem-resistant isolates, suggesting a non-enzymatic mechanism. This study reports for the first time, the emergence of CPE in Sokoto state and the detection of NDM-producing Citrobacter freundii in Nigeria. The observed CPE in this study is a concern in a country where alternative antibiotics are rarely available. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli are a major public health problem. Accurate and rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing organisms can facilitate appropriate infection prevention measures. The objective was to evaluate the performance of the RAPIDEC (R) CARBA NP assay (RAPIDEC), a screening assay that utilizes a pH indicator to detect carbapenem hydrolysis within 2 h. A multicenter study evaluated 306 clinical bacterial strains of Enterobacterales (n = 257) andPseudomonas aeruginosa(n = 49). The RAPIDEC was compared to a composite reference standard-the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Carba NP assay, PCR for specific carbapenemase genes (bla(KPC),bla(NDM),bla(OXA-48-like),bla(VIM)andbla(IMP)), and phenotypic carbapenem susceptibility testing. The assay was evaluated using two culture incubation times for the bacterial isolates: "routine"(cultures incubated 18-24 h) and "short" (cultures incubated 4-5 h). For the routine incubation, the overall percent agreement was 98.7% with a positive percent agreement (PPA) of 99.6% and a negative percent agreement (NPA) of 97.4%; there were five false positives and one false negative. For the short incubation, the overall percent agreement was 98.0% with a PPA of 98.5% and a NPA of 97.3%; there were five false positives and four false negatives. RAPIDEC results for theP. aeruginosaisolates were 100% concordant with the reference standard for both incubation times. The RAPIDEC assay is an accurate and rapid (<= 2 h) assay for the detection of the most common carbapenemases in clinical isolates. Growth from a short incubation culture may be used to reliably detect carbapenemase production in clinical strains.