Magic™ Anti-S. typhi monoclonal antibody

This article presented the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations on the use of Typhoid vaccines excerpted from the Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper - March 2018 published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record (World Health Organization, 2018) [1]. This position paper replaces the 2008 WHO position paper on typhoid vaccines (WHO, 2008) [2]. It re-emphasizes the importance of vaccination to control typhoid fever and presents the WHO recommendations on the use of a new generation of typhoid conjugate vaccines. Footnotes to this paper provide a number of core references including references to grading tables that assess the quality of the scientific evidence, and to the evidence-to-recommendation tables. In accordance with its mandate to provide guidance to Member States on health policy matters, WHO issues a series of regularly updated position papers on vaccines and combinations of vaccines against diseases that have an international public health impact. These papers are concerned primarily with the use of vaccines in large-scale immunization programmes; they summarize essential background information on diseases and vaccines, and conclude with WHO's current position on the use of vaccines in the global context. Recommendations on the use of cholera vaccines were discussed by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) in October 2017; evidence presented at these meetings can be accessed at: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2017/October/presentations_background_docs/en/. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Introduction Over one in eight Canadians is affected by a foodborne infection annually; however, the long-term consequences, including the risks and costs of sequelae, are unclear. We aim to estimate the health burden and direct costs of 14 infections commonly transmitted by food, considering the acute illness and subsequent sequelae and mortality, for the population of British Columbia, Canada (similar to 4.7 million). Methods and analysis We will conduct a population-based retrospective cohort study of the British Columbia provincial population, over a 10-year study period (1 January 2005 to 31 December 2014). Exposure is defined as a provincially reported illness caused by Clostridium botulinum, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Giardia, hepatitis A virus,Listeria, non-typhoidal Salmonellaspp, Salmonella Typhi,Salmonella Paratyphi, Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli,Shigella,Vibrio parahaemolyticusorYersinia(excludingpestis). We will link individual-level longitudinal data from eight province-wide administrative health and reportable disease databases that include physician visits, hospitalisations and day surgeries, deaths, stillbirths, prescription medications (except those to treat HIV) and reportable foodborne diseases. Using these linked databases, we will investigate the likelihood of various sequelae and death. Hazard models will be used to estimate the risk of outcomes and their association with the type of foodborne infection. Epidemiological analyses will be conducted to determine the progression of illness and the fraction of sequelae attributable to specific foodborne infections. Economic analyses will assess the consequent direct healthcare costs. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by a University of Waterloo Research Ethics Committee (no 30645), the University of British Columbia Behavioral Research Ethics Board (no H16-00021) and McGill University's Institutional Review Board (no A03-M12-19A). Results will be disseminated via presentations to academics, public health practitioners and knowledge users, and publication in peer-reviewed journals. Where such publications are not open access, manuscripts will also be available via the University of Waterloo's Institutional Repository (https://uwspace.uwaterloo.ca).