Recombinant Salmonella Typhi Haemolysin E Protein [His]

The design and optimization of a Rayleigh- Benard convection based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microchip is presented. This PCR microchip simplifies the fabrication, implementation and control of microfluidic PCR while enhancing the detection of the bacterial pathogen Salmonella Enteritidis. The device's dimensions were optimized using multiphysics simulation then it was fabricated using high precision milling of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate. The device incorporated a single heater at the bottom end of its cylindrical chamber and two sensors at both ends. The heater was controlled using a fuzzy proportional, integral, derivative (PID) controller to maintain denaturation and annealing temperatures necessary for efficient PCR to take place. Salmonella Enteritidis DNA was successfully detected using the device while reducing the required assay time by 66%.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Typhoid fever treatment remains a challenge in endemic countries. Detarium microcarpum is traditionally used to manage typhoid. Aim of the study: The study aims to explore the efficacy of hydroethanolic extract of Detarium microcarpum root bark in rats infected with salmonella. Material and methods: The phytochemical profile of the extract was obtained by UHPLC-MS analysis in an attempt of standardization. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was determined using broth dilution method. Salmonella infection was induced by oral administration of S. thyphimurium to immunosuppressed rats. Infected rats were then treated 2 h later with the extract (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg), distilled water (normal and salmonella control) and ciprofloxacin (8 mg/kg) for control. Body weight was monitored and stools were cultured to determine the number of colony-forming units. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed, blood and organs were collected for hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: Detarium microcarpum extract as well as the isolated compound (rhinocerotinoic acid) exhibited good antimicrobial activity in vitro with bacteriostatic effects. The plant extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the bacterial development in infected animals with an effective dose (ED50) of 75 mg/kg. In addition, the extract prevented body weight loss, hematological, biochemical and histopathological damages in treated rats. Conclusion: Detarium microcarpum extract possesses antisalmonella properties justifying its traditional use for the typhoid fever management.