HAVCR2; hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2; FLJ14428; Tim 3; TIM3; TIMD3; kidney injury molecule-3; T-cell membrane protein 3; T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3; T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3; KI
Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (HAVCR2), formerly known as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated Th1 cells but not on Th2 cells. TIM-3 thus serves as the surface molecule that distinguishes between the two effector populations derived from naive CD4(+) T-helper cells. TIM-3 is a member of the TIM family of immune regulating molecules with one Ig-like V-type domain and a Ser/Thr-rich mucin stalk. Th1 cells produce cytokines ( IFNgamma, interleukin-2, TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin ) that are commonly associated with cellmediated immune responses against intracellular pathogens, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, and induction of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. It has been identified that galectin-9 is the Tim-3 ligand, and the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway may serve to inhibit Th1 cells during a normal immune response and may be crucial for the induction of peripheral tolerance. Dysregulation of the TIM-3-galectin-9 pathway could underlie chronic autoimmune disease states in human, such as multiple sclerosis.
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