This Kit is a test system for the quantitative measurement human Albumin in urine.
Contents of Kit
1. 1 divisible microplate consisting of 12 modules of 8 wells each. Ready to use. 2. 1×0.12 mL Calibrator A 0.15 μg/mL, containing BSA in a buffer matrix. Ready to use. 3. 1×0.12 mL Calibrator B 1.5 μg/mL, containing albumin in a buffer matrix. Ready to use. 4. 1×0.12 mL Calibrator C 6 μg/mL, containing albumin in a buffer matrix. Ready to use. 5. 1×0.12 mL Calibrator D 25 μg/mL, containing albumin in a buffer matrix. Ready to use. 6. 1×0.12 mL Calibrator E 100 μg/mL, containing albumin in a buffer matrix. Ready to use. 7. 1×0.12 mL Calibrator F 400 μg/mL, containing albumin in a buffer matrix. Ready to use. 8. 1×0.12 mL Control positive, containing albumin in a buffer matrix. Ready to use. The concentration is specified on the certificate of analysis. 9. 1×0.12 mL Control negative, containing albumin in a buffer matrix. Ready to use. The concentration is specified on the certificate of analysis. 10. 50 mL Sample Buffer. Ready to use. 11. 12 mL Enzyme Conjugate; containing anti-human albumin antibodies, HRP labeled, preservative Proclin 0.05%. Ready to use. 12. 2×6 mL TMB Substrate; containing 3,3', 5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidin. Ready to use. 13. 7 mL Stop Solution; contains acid. Ready to use. 14. 50 mL Wash Buffer, containing PBS, detergent, preservative Proclin 0.05%; 20× conc. 15. 1 Instruction for Use 16. 1 Certificate of Analysis
Storage
1. Store test kit at 2°C - 8°C in the dark. 2. Do not expose reagents to heat, sun, or strong light during storage and usage. 3. Store microplate sealed and desiccated in the clip bag provided. 4. Shelf life of the unopened test kit is 12 months from day of production. Unopened reagents are stable until expiration of the kit. See labels for individual batch. 5. Diluted Wash Buffer and Sample Buffer are stable for at least 30 days when stored at 2°C - 8°C. We recommend consumption on the same day.
Detection Range
1.5 - 400 μg/mL
Detection Limit
0.5 μg/mL
General Description
Proteins passing the glomerular basal membrane of the kidney undergo differentiated filtering. The permeability is inversely proportional to the molecular weight (albumin about 0.6 %, myoglobulin about 75%). Nevertheless, only minimal quantities of protein are detectable in urine, because big quantities of protein are reabsorbed by the tubuli. Elevated glomerular protein permeability and high tubular plasma protein elimination can be differentiated by measuring the molecular weight distribution of the eliminated proteins. The pattern of eliminated proteins in urine give information about: - elevated protein elimination - differentiation of proteinuria - prediagnosis of a kidney defect - glomerular or tubular proteinuria Diagnostically relevant proteins are: - IgG (150 kD) - Albumin (66 kD) - Alpha-1-Microglobulin (33 kD) - Retinol binding protein (21 kD) - Beta-2-Microglobulin (12 kD) - Immunoglobulin light chains (Bence-Jones protein) (22 kD) Albumin has a relative molecular mass of 66 kDa. It is contained in urine at very low concentrations. In case of a very active glomerular filtering process the albumin secretion can arise without an underlying kidney disease. This situation is called "microalbuminuria". The detection of these small secretion quantities (30 to 150 μg/min or mL) requires very sensitive test systems. immunological techniques. Physical stress can also induce elevated albumin secretion, without the occurrence of a kidney disease. In diabetes, albumin secretion is a very important parameter for the evaluation of the kidney function. Urine values higher than 25 μg/mL indicate a detrimental kidney function of insulin dependent (type I) and noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetic patients. The determination of albumin is therefore an important diagnostic tool in diabetic nephropathies.
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Background
Micro-albuminuria refers to the increased excretion of micro-albumin in urine, often at levels too low to be detected by standard urine tests but high enough to indicate early kidney damage. Specifically, normal urinary albumin is less than 30 mg/24 hours, and urinary albumin of 300 mg or more per day is considered severe proteinuria. Microalbuminuria is caused by glomerular capillary damage and so may be a marker of diffuse endothelial dysfunction. According to the Steno hypothesis, albuminuria may reflect generalized vascular dysfunction in which leakage of albumin and other plasma macromolecules such as low-density lipoproteins into the vascular wall may lead to an inflammatory response, which may in turn initiate the atherosclerotic process. The measurement of micro-albumin levels in urine plays a vital role in the early detection, monitoring, and management of kidney diseases. Regular monitoring of micro-albuminuria can help healthcare professionals identify kidney damage at an early stage when interventions and treatments can be most effective. It allows proactive measures to be taken to slow down the progression of kidney disease and prevent further complications. Various methods, including immunoassays like ELISA, are used to quantify micro-albumin levels in urine samples. Human Micro-Albumin ELISA Kit provides a reliable and standardized approach to assessing micro-albuminuria. This kit utilizes specific antibodies that bind to micro-albumin, allowing for the accurate measurement of its concentration in urine.
Alternative Names
Microalbumin ELISA Urine Albumin ELISA Microalbuminuria ELISA MAU (Microalbuminuria) ELISA Humar Microalbumin ELISA Kit Human Urine Albumin ELISA Kit Human MAU (Microalbuminuria) ELISA Kit Human Microalbuminuria ELISA Kit
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References
Microalbuminuria: What Is It? Why Is It Important? What Should Be Done About It? An Update
Microalbuminuria (MA) is defined as a persistent elevation of albumin in the urine of >30 to <300 mg/d (>20 to <200 μg/min). Use of the morning spot urine test for albumin-to-creatinine measurement (mg/g) is recommended as the preferred screening strategy for all patients with diabetes and with the metabolic syndrome and hypertension. MA should be assessed annually in all patients and every 6 months within the first year of treatment to monitor the impact of antihypertensive therapy. It is an established risk marker for the presence of cardiovascular disease and predicts progression of nephropathy when it increases to frank microalbuminuria >300 mg/d. Data support the concept that the presence of MA is the kidney's warning that there is a problem with the vasculature. The presence of MA is a marker of endothelial dysfunction and a predictor of increased cardiovascular risk. MA can be reduced, and progression to overt proteinuria prevented, by aggressive blood pressure reduction, especially with a regimen based on medications that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and control of diabetes. The National Kidney Foundation recommends that blood pressure levels be maintained at or below 130/80 mm Hg in anyone with diabetes or kidney disease.
Microalbuminuria: Definition, Detection, and Clinical Significance
Proteinuria is a sign of abnormal excretion of protein by the kidney but is a nonspecific term including any or all proteins excreted. In contrast, albuminuria specifically refers to an abnormal excretion rate of albumin. Microalbuminuria refers to an abnormally increased excretion rate of albumin in the urine in the range of 30–299 mg/g creatinine. It is a marker of endothelial dysfunction and increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality especially, but not exclusively, in high-risk populations such as diabetics and hypertensives. Testing for microalbuminuria is now made easy by in-office dipstick tests (semi-quantitative) and widely available laboratory testing (quantitative). Physicians should screen all diabetics for albuminuria and strongly consider screening hypertensives to identify those at higher risk for cardiovascular disease. Appropriate intervention, including use of drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, may be appropriate in such cases as suggested by the American Diabetes Association and the Seventh Report of Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
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