Mouse Anti-Estriol monoclonal antibody, clone E3

Introduction: Progressive gray matter (GM) atrophy is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). Cognitive impairment has been observed in 40%-70% of MS patients and has been linked to GM atrophy. In a phase 2 trial of estriol treatment in women with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), higher estriol levels correlated with greater improvement on the paced auditory serial addition test (PASAT) and imaging revealed sparing of localized GM in estriol-treated compared to placebo-treated patients. To better understand the significance of this GM sparing, the current study explored the relationships between the GM sparing and traditional MRI measures and clinical outcomes. Methods: Sixty-two estriol- and forty-nine placebo-treated RRMS patients underwent clinical evaluations and brain MRI. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to evaluate voxelwise GM sparing from high-resolution T1-weighted scans. Results: A region of treatment-induced sparing (TIS) was defined as the areas where GM was spared in estriol- as compared to placebo-treated groups, localized primarily within the frontal and parietal cortices. We observed that TIS volume was directly correlated with improvement on the PASAT. Next, a longitudinal cognitive disability-specific atlas (DSA) was defined by correlating voxelwise GM volumes with PASAT scores, that is, areas where less GM correlated with less improvement in PASAT scores. Finally, overlap between the TIS and the longitudinal cognitive DSA revealed a specific region of cortical GM that was preserved in estriol-treated subjects that was associated with better performance on the PASAT. Conclusions: Discovery of this region of overlap was biology driven, not based on an a priori structure of interest. It included the medial frontal cortex, an area previously implicated in problem solving and attention. These findings indicate that localized GM sparing during estriol treatment was associated with improvement in cognitive testing, suggesting a clinically relevant, disability-specific biomarker for clinical trials of candidate neuroprotective treatments in MS.

A new hydrothermal method was developed to prepare magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite to remove six micropollutants (Triclosan, Bisphenol-A, Tonalide, Metolachlor, Ketoprofen and Estriol) from water. These emerging pollutants are mainly coming from anthropogenic sources. Results indicated that the synthesized magnetic activated carbon was successfully used as a separable adsorbent for removing the micropollutants from water. Adsorption results were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which showed a better fit of data to the Langmuir model. The adsorbent showed good adsorption performance in which Bisphenol-A and Tonalide were the most effectively removed compounds, with 96 and 93% removal using 0.35mg of the adsorbent within 40min in a 50-mL sealed glass vial, respectively. Sedimentation studies were performed to compare the settleability of the adsorbent with powdered activated carbon revealing the superiority of the adsorbent. Thermodynamics of the adsorption of the micropollutants onto the magnetic activated carbon showed the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Adsorbent regeneration studies were performed with methanol, ethanol, HCl, NaOH and H2O2 in five regeneration cycles. Methanol treatment ensured the highest level of restoration. Overall, the adsorbent can be used as a sustainable treatment to remove studied micropollutants from aqueous solutions.