DNP and ATP induced alteration in disease development of Phomopsis longanae Chi-inoculated longan fruit by acting on energy status and reactive oxygen species production-scavenging system
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Authors: Lin, Yifen; Chen, Mengyin; Lin, Hetong; Hung, Yen-Con; Lin, Yixiong; Chen, Yihui; Wang, Hui; Shi, John
Abstract
As compared with P. longanae-inoculated longans, DNP treatment for P. longanae-inoculated longans exhibited higher fruit disease index and pericarp browning index, lower ATP amount and energy charge level, lower activities of SOD, CAT and APX, lower amounts of AsA and GSH, lower levels of DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power, higher O-2(-center dot) generating rate and MDA amount. However, supply of ATP for P. longanae-inoculated longans showed the contrary effects. These results gave convincing evidence that DNP treatment for accelerating pericarp browning and disease development of harvested longans caused by P. longanae was due to decreases of energy production and ROS scavenging capacity, and increases of O-2(-center dot) accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation. Whereas, supply of ATP for retarding pericarp browning and disease development of harvested longans caused by P. longanae was due to increases of energy production and ROS scavenging capacity, and reductions of O-2(-center dot) accumulation and membrane lipid peroxidation. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
beta-Cyclodextrin conjugated bifunctional isocyanate linker polymer for enhanced removal of 2,4-dinitrophenol from environmental waters
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
Authors: Anne, J. M.; Boon, Y. H.; Saad, B.; Miskam, M.; Yusoff, M. M.; Shahriman, M. S.; Zain, N. N. M.; Lim, V.; Raoov, M.
Abstract
In this work, we reported the synthesis, characterization and adsorption study of two beta-cyclodextrin (beta CD) cross-linked polymers using aromatic linker 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and aliphatic linker 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (1,6-HDI) to form insoluble beta CD-TDI and beta CD-HDI. The adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) on both polymers as an adsorbent was studied in batch adsorption experiments. Both polymers were well characterized using various tools that include Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and scanning electron microscopy, and the results obtained were compared with the native beta CD. The adsorption isotherm of 2,4-DNP onto polymers was studied. It showed that the Freundlich isotherm is a better fit for beta CD-TDI, while the Langmuir isotherm is a better fit for beta CD-HMDI. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model represented the adsorption process for both of the polymers. The thermodynamic study showed that beta CD-TDI polymer was more favourable towards 2,4-DNP when compared with beta CD-HDI polymer. Under optimized conditions, both beta CD polymers were successfully applied on various environmental water samples for the removal of 2,4-DNP. beta CD-TDI polymer showed enhanced sorption capacity and higher removal efficiency (greater than 80%) than beta CD-HDI (greater than 70%) towards 2,4-DNP. The mechanism involved was discussed, and the effects of cross-linkers on beta CD open up new perspectives for the removal of toxic contaminants from a body of water.