Human PLN blocking peptide

Leakage flow between the rotating turbine blade tip and the fixed casing causes high heat loads and thermal stress on the tip and near the tip region. For this study, new squealer tips called partial cavity tips, which combine the advantages of plane and squealer tips, were suggested, and the effects of the cavity shape on the tip heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness were investigated experimentally in a low speed linear cascade. The suggested blade tips had a flat surface near the leading edge and a squealer cavity from the mid -chord to trailing edge region to achieve the advantages of both blade tip types. The heat transfer coefficient was measured via the 1-D transient heat transfer technique using an IR camera, and the film cooling effectiveness was obtained via the pressure sensitive paint (PSP) technique. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness on the partial cavity tips strongly depended on the cavity shape. Near the leading edge, the heat transfer coefficients for the partial cavity tip cases were lower than that for the squealer tip case. However, the heat transfer coefficient on the cavity surface was higher for the partial cavity tip cases. The D 10 tip showed a similar distribution of film cooling effectiveness to that of the PLN tip near the leading edge and the DSS tip near the mid -chord region. However, the overall averaged film cooling effectiveness of the DSS tip was higher than that of the D10 tip.

The aim of the paper is to investigate volatility spillovers between the monetary policy stance of the European Central Bank and macro-financial variables in Poland: short- and long-term interest rates and the EUR/PLN exchange rate. The monetary policy of the ECB is approximated by the shadow interest rate which takes into account various non-standard policy measures. We then perform event study regressions using several leading policy announcements and actions of the ECB. We find that volatility spillovers from the ECB's unconventional policies to Poland were time-varying but modest for the entire period of 2008-2018. There is relatively scarce evidence on the structural changes in the dynamic conditional correlations for the POLONIA rate and EUR/PLN exchange rate. More pronounced volatility spillover effects are identified for the long-term interest rates after the first substantial reduction of interest rates in the EMU in 2008, and following the introduction of the negative interest rate policy in 2014. We find no significant evidence of spillovers associated directly with the implementation of more advanced unconventional tools, such as long-term refinancing operations or the Asset Purchase Programme.