Typologies, risk and recidivism in partner-violent men with the B-SAFER: a pilot study
PSYCHOLOGY CRIME & LAW
Authors: Loinaz, Ismael
Abstract
The research describes the criminal profile of 100 imprisoned partner-violent men (PVM) in Spain, and the follow-up for an average of 15 months of 40 released cases. The ability of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) to classify offenders according to typologies and to predict recidivism is analyzed. The results show that PVM have low level of specialization (only 45% limit their criminal activity to intimate partner violence (IPV)) and high level of recidivism (47% previously have been in prison, and 41% have prior arrest for IPV). The B-SAFER shows a high capacity to classify according to batterers typologies (accuracy of 79% with a score 13) in two groups: non-pathological and antisocial/pathological offenders. After prison release, 17.5% relapsed (15% in IPV), and 66% have done so within the first year. The B-SAFER had a predictive accuracy of 70% (sensitivity 100%). From antisocial/pathological group, 21% have recidivate compared to 12.5% in non-pathological aggressors, with an over-representation of antisocial/pathological subtype among recidivists (71%). The best predictive variables are the justification of violence, age at first imprisonment, and treatment. There is a 9% of recidivism among treated offenders compared to 50% in the untreated group.
New Types of Jacobian-Free Approximate Riemann Solvers for Hyperbolic Systems
FINITE VOLUMES FOR COMPLEX APPLICATIONS VIII-HYPERBOLIC, ELLIPTIC AND PARABOLIC PROBLEMS
Authors: Castro, Manuel J.; Gallardo, Jose M.; Marquina, Antonio
Abstract
We present recent advances in PVM (Polynomial Viscosity Matrix) methods based on internal approximations to the absolute value function. These solvers only require a bound on the maximum wave speed, so no spectral decomposition is needed. Moreover, they can be written in Jacobian-free form, in which only evaluations of the physical flux are used. This is particularly interesting when considering systems with complex Jacobians, as the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD) equations. The proposed solvers have also been extended to the case of approximate DOT (Dumbser-Osher-Toro) methods, which can be regarded as simple and efficient approximations to the classical Osher-Solomon method. Some numerical experiments involving the RMHD equations are presented. The obtained results are in good agreement with those found in the literature and show that our schemes are robust and accurate. Finally, notice that although this work focuses on RMHD, the proposed schemes can be directly applied to general hyperbolic systems.