The pathogenMycoplasma disparShows High Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for Antimicrobials Commonly Used for Bovine Respiratory Disease
ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL
Authors: Bottinelli, Marco; Merenda, Marianna; Gastaldelli, Michele; Picchi, Micaela; Stefani, Elisabetta; Nicholas, Robin A. J.; Catania, Salvatore
Abstract
Mycoplasma disparis an overlooked pathogen often involved in bovine respiratory disease (BRD), which affects cattle around the world. BRD results in lost production and high treatment and prevention costs. Additionally, chronic therapies with multiple antimicrobials may lead to antimicrobial resistance. Data on antimicrobial susceptibility toM. disparis limited so minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of a range of antimicrobials routinely used in BRD were evaluated using a broth microdilution technique for 41M. disparisolates collected in Italy between 2011-2019. While all isolates had low MIC values for florfenicol (<1 mu g/mL), many showed high MIC values for erythromycin (MIC90 >= 8 mu g/mL). Tilmicosin MIC values were higher (MIC50 = 32 mu g/mL) than those for tylosin (MIC50 = 0.25 mu g/mL). Seven isolates had high MIC values for lincomycin, tilmicosin and tylosin (>= 32 mu g/mL). More, alarmingly, results showed more than half the strains had high MICs for enrofloxacin, a member of the fluoroquinolone class considered critically important in human health. A time-dependent progressive drift of enrofloxacin MICs towards high-concentration values was observed, indicative of an on-going selection process among the isolates.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients With Coronavirus Disease-2019 in Shiyan City, China
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
Authors: Liu, Long; Lei, Xu; Xiao, Xiao; Yang, Jing; Li, Jian; Ji, Manshan; Du, Weixing; Tan, Huabing; Zhu, Jianyong; Li, Bei; Jin, Zhixiong; Liu, Weiyong; Wu, Jianguo; Liu, Zhixin
Abstract
To investigate the early epidemic of COVID-19, a total of 176 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shiyan city, Hubei province, China were surveyed. Our data indicated that the rate of emergence of early confirmed COVID-19 cases in Hubei province outside Wuhan was dependent on migration population, and the second-generation of patients were family clusters originating from Wuhan travelers. Epidemiological investigation indicated that the reproductive number (R-0) under containment strategies was 1.81, and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers were contagious with a transmission rate of 10.7%. Among the 176 patients, 53 were admitted to the Renmin Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine. The clinical characteristics of these 53 patients were collected and compared based on a positive RT-PCR test and presence of pneumonia. Clinical data showed that 47.2% (25/53) of COVID-19 patients were co-infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and COVID-19 patients coinfected with M. pneumoniae had a higher percentage of monocytes (P < 0.0044) and a lower neutrophils percentage (P < 0.0264). Therefore, it is important to assess the transmissibility of infected asymptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 transmission; moreover, clinicians should be alert to the high incidence of co-infection with M. pneumoniae in COVID-19 patients.