Anti-MT-CO2 polyclonal antibody

This study presents detailed product-based net emissions of main livestock products (meat, milk and eggs) at national level for the whole EU-27 according to a cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment, including emissions from land use and land use change (LULUC). Calculations were done with the CAPRI model and the covered gases are CH4, N2O and CO2. Total GHG fluxes of European livestock production amount to 623-852 Mt CO2-equiv., 182-238 Mt CO2-equiv. (28-29%) are from beef production, 184-240 Mt CO2-equiv. (28-30%) from cow milk production and 153-226 Mt CO2-equiv. (25-27%) from pork production. According to IPCC classifications, 38-52% of total net emissions are created in the agricultural sector, 17-24% in the energy and industrial sectors. 12-16% Mt CO2-equiv. are related to land use (CO2 fluxes from cultivation of organic soils and reduced carbon sequestration compared to natural grassland) and 9-33% to land use change, mainly due to feed imports. The results suggest that for effective reduction of GHG emissions from livestock production, fluxes occurring outside the agricultural sector need to be taken into account. Reduction targets should address both the production side as defined by IPCC sectors and the consumption side. An LCA assessment as presented here could be a basis for such efforts. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Primary aluminum ingot is a globally traded commodity, and large regional differences in technology and electricity fuel mixes exist among the industry's smelters. A life cycle assessment model is developed to calculate absolute emissions and emissions intensities of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the production, trade, and consumption of primary ingot in six world regions. Global production emissions are estimated at 283 (+/- 18) Mt CO2-eq (14.7 (+/- 0.95) kg CO2-eq/kg primary ingot) in 1990 and 468 (+/- 26) Mt CO2-eq (14.7 (+/- 0.80) kg CO2-eq/kg primary ingot) in 2005. In total, the production of primary aluminum accounts for 0.78 and 0.93% of world GHG emissions in 1990 and 2004, respectively. Regional production GHG intensities in 2005 range from 7.07 (+/- 0.69) kg CO2-eq/kg primary ingot in Latin America to 21.9 (+/- 3.0) kg CO2-eq/kg primary ingot in Asia. The GHG implications of expanding global trade of primary ingot are examined in terms of the emissions embodied in the imports and exports and the consumption-weighted emissions intensities of each region.