Hydroxyprogesterone [BSA]

The study evaluates the effect of three hormonal protocols on ovarian dynamics and progesterone (P4) secretion of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Twenty-nine pluriparous Murrah buffaloes were used. The protocols were as follows: OVSYNCH (n = 10): 100 mu g of gonadorelin (day 0), 500 mu g of cloprostenol (day 7), and 100 mu g of gonadorelin (day 9). CIDR+EB (intravaginal device (CIDR (R)) + estradiol benzoate;n = 10): CIDR plus 2 mg of EB (day 0), withdrew of CIDR, 500 mu g of cloprostenol (day 7) and 1 mg of EB (day 8). CIDR+eCG (n = 9): CIDR plus 2 mg of EB (day 0), withdrew of CIDR, 500 mu g of cloprostenol and 400 IU of eCG (day 7). Follicles were counted with an ultrasound and measured at 0, 24, and 54 h. The maximum follicle diameter and ovulation were evaluated at 70, 80, and 94 h after CIDR withdrew. Estrous was detected per 1 h three times daily. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 10, 15, and 22 to determine P4 concentration. In CIDR+EB protocol, 50% of buffaloes presented estrous, at 69.6 h. All buffaloes ovulated. CIDR+eCG group had the shortest (69 h) ovulation time. No treatment differences for follicular population, maximum follicle diameter, and P4 concentration on days 7 and 10 (P > 0.05) were found. The P4 concentration in OVSYNCH and CIDR+eCG protocols were > 1 ng/ml, on days 15 and 22 (P < 0.05). There was no difference in ovarian activity; however, the P4 secretion was normal in the OVSYNCH and CIDR+eCG protocols compared to the CIDR+EB protocol.

Problem Approximately one-third of infertility cases are related to the female partner, and implantation failure is the primary reason for female infertility. The current research was established to assess the impact of calcitonin on endometrial receptivity. Methods of study 64 female BALB/c mice were assigned to 2 groups as follows: mice with regular ovarian cycle and mice with stimulated ovarian cycle. The two groups were further divided into four subgroups as follows: control (Ctrl), calcitonin (CT), pp242, and CT + pp242 groups. Calcitonin and pp242 were injected on days 3, 4, and 5 of pregnancy. On day 5 of gestation, all of the animals were sacrificed, and their uterine was removed for the morphological analysis, as well as the expression assessment genes and proteins. Results The results demonstrated that ovarian stimulation increased the rate of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and mTOR proteins, and resulted in the upregulation of miR-223-3p. The administration of calcitonin also elevated the expression levels of LIF and HAND2 gene in both regular ovarian and ovarian-stimulated cycles. In ovarian-stimulated groups, the administration of calcitonin led to a decrease in the expression of miR-223-3p. Calcitonin administration also markedly increased the phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and ERK1/2 in the regular ovarian cycle. Conclusion It seems that calcitonin is capable of enhancing the endometrial receptivity of the uterine, thereby the overexpression of HAND2 and LIF and downregulation of miR-223-3p through the ERK1/2-mTOR signaling pathway.