Human Sperm Ab Ig-Typing ELISA Kit

The aims of this study were to investigate (a) the effects of single or multiple sperm collection with catheter, and (b) impacts of multiple sampling method (catheter or syringe) on sperm quality in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). To compare the effects of sampling method, sperm was collected repeatedly from the same fish using catheter (n = 6) or syringe (n = 5) at 48, 52 and 56 h post-hormonal injection. For the single collection group as control, sperm was collected with catheter from 12 fish at 48 h post-injection. The results showed that multiple sperm collection with catheter does not significantly (P> 0.05) influence sperm volume and density compared to single sperm collection. However, multiple collection with syringe led to drastic reduction of sperm density at 56 h post-injection. Moreover, sperm volume was influenced by post-injection time where the highest volume was obtained at 48 h post-injection. Furthermore, sperm density and osmolality of seminal plasma were significantly affected by sampling method and post-injection time where higher values were found for the samples collected with catheter at 48 h post-injection. Number of males producing milt with motile spermatozoa decreased along with multiple sperm collection. Sperm motility at 60 s post-activation was affected by the interaction of sampling method and post-injection time, and the highest value was obtained for the sperm collected with syringe at 48 h post-injection. Sperm curvilinear velocity (VCL) at 15 and 45 s post-activation was affected by sampling method and post-injection time, respectively. These findings contribute to the pikeperch hatchery practices, as multiple sperm collection could be applied during artificial reproduction if limited number of males are available.

Plastic packaging materials (PPMs) protect food from contamination, maintain quality, and ease transportation and distribution. Additives included during the manufacturing and processing of PPMs improve flexibility, durability, barrier properties, and sometimes aid the processing itself. During processing, these additives, even the monomers used to produce the plastics, can produce side products or breakdown products as a result of degradation and various chemical reactions. These starting substances and reaction products include 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), phthalates/phthalic acid esters, alkylphenols, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, which are considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that may interfere with the human endocrine system and produce adverse reproductive, neurological, developmental, and immune effects. When in contact with food, EDCs can migrate into food if conditions are appropriate, thereby possibly jeopardizing food safety. Chemical risk assessment and regulatory control were developed to reduce human exposure to harmful migrated EDCs. This article gives an overview of the migration of EDCs from PPMs and control measures to reduce the risk of adverse impacts on human health.