Application of sedimentary numerical simulation in sequence stratigraphy study
ARABIAN JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES
Authors: Song, Yakai; Yin, Taiju; Zhang, Changmin; Wang, Ningning; Hou, Xinyu
Abstract
The study of sequence stratigraphy is an important part of sequence stratigraphy. Used the method of numerical simulation. The influence of water level rise, water level decline, water level rise and decline, and the influence of water level on the formation of the system tract in sedimentary cycle are discussed. In the transgressive system tract (TST), sediments are dominated by accretion; in the falling stage system tract (FST), sediment deposits with lateral accretion and few deposits of accretion. In the process of water level rise, the main system domains are vertical superposition. In the process of water level decline, each system area is staggered to each other on the plane and presents a "false isochronous" depositional feature on the profile. Under the water level continuous rise, the LST development, the HST developed slowly and the FST undeveloped; under the water level continuous decline, the FST and the LST development, the HST developed slowly, the TST undeveloped; under the water level rises first and then falls, the various system domains are well developed; under the water level first rise then drops, the HST development, the LST, the FST, and the TST systems tract no development.
TheBronzeandIron Agepopulations of the Armenian Highland in the genetic history of Armenians
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Authors: Movsesian, Alla A.; Mkrtchyan, Rusan A.; Simonyan, Hasmik G.
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the biological diversity of the late Bronze and Iron Age populations in the Armenian Highland by nonmetric cranial traits, evaluate the genetic continuity in the development of the modern Armenian gene pool, and compare the results obtained with genetic data. Materials and methods Twenty-eight nonmetric cranial traits were scored on 498 adult crania from different late Bronze and Iron Age cemeteries, as well as from modern Armenians and other European populations. We carried out a biodistance analysis between populations using the mean measure of divergence (MMD) statistics, tested the spatial-temporal model of population structure, and assessed the diversity within the late Bronze and early Iron Ages by using the values of variability index (Fst). Results The biodistance analysis revealed a close relationship among different ancient Armenian populations and between the average frequencies of the three sequential periods (late Bronze Age, early Iron Age I and II) and modern Armenians. A gradual increase of variability (Fst) within the three successive periods was observed. Discussion The analysis of nonmetric trait data reflects deep roots and continuity in the formation of the Armenian population. Since at least the Late Bronze Age, owing to permanent isolation, no significant changes have occurred in the Armenian gene pool. An increase in variability over the successive periods reflects the process of population differentiation from a single gene pool while maintaining average trait frequencies. The congruence of the results obtained with the genetic data confirms, once more, the possibility of using nonmetric cranial traits as a proxy for genetic markers.