This enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit is designed for the quantitative detection of glyphosate in grains (Wheat, whole wheat, oatmeal). It is intended for research use only (RUO) and not for diagnostic procedures. Test results requiring regulatory action should be confirmed by HPLC, GC/MS, or other conventional validated methods.
Contents of Kit
1. Microtiter plate with 96 wells coated with antigen, 96T 2. Standard solutions 0 ppb, 1 mL 3. Standard solutions 0.1 ppb, 1 mL 4. Standard solutions 0.5 ppb, 1 mL 5. Standard solutions 2.5 ppb, 1 mL 6. Standard solutions 12.5 ppb, 1 mL 7. Standard solutions 62.5 ppb, 1 mL 8. Spiking standard solution 1 ppm, 1 mL 9. Anti-glyphosate antibody solution, 4 mL 10. Enzyme conjugate-Antibody solution, 12 mL 11. TMB, 12 mL 12. Stop solution, 7 mL 13. 20×concentrated Wash solution, 50 mL 14. Sample diluent A, 50 mL 15. Sample diluent B, 115 mL 16. Derivatization reagent, 20 mg × 5 17. Derivatization reagent solutions, 0.5 mL × 5
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Background
Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide that has become one of the most commonly applied pesticides worldwide. Chemically, glyphosate is an organophosphorus compound with the molecular formula C3H8NO5P. It is a non-selective herbicide, meaning it can target and kill a wide range of plant species. Glyphosate functions by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in plants. This enzyme is essential for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids, which are crucial for plant growth and development. By inhibiting EPSPS, glyphosate disrupts the production of these amino acids, leading to the eventual death of the targeted plants. Glyphosate has been extensively used in agriculture, forestry, and non-agricultural settings for effective weed control. However, glyphosate residues can persist in soil, water, and food products, leading to concerns about their potential adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. Some studies suggest a possible association between glyphosate exposure and adverse health effects, including cancer, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption. Moreover, glyphosate has been found to have a relatively low soil half-life but can bind to soil particles and remain detectable for extended periods. The potential for glyphosate to leach into groundwater or runoff into surface water bodies has raised concerns about its impact on aquatic ecosystems and non-target organisms. Therefore, accurate and sensitive analytical techniques are essential to ensure regulatory compliance, assess environmental contamination, and monitor food safety.
Figure 1. Fate and movement of glyphosate in different pools. (Source: Kanissery, R. et al., 2019)
Glyphosate ELISA Kits play a vital role in monitoring glyphosate residues and assessing their potential impact on human health and the environment. By providing accurate and sensitive detection, these kits enable researchers to make informed decisions regarding glyphosate usage, environmental contamination, and food safety.
Q: Is it possible to do like 10 tests one day, 20 another as far as they are cooled properly?
A: Yes, If you are not going to run the entire plate, ensure that the remaining strips are sealed in the plate bag with the desiccant to prevent moisture from degrading the plate.
Q: Is there a protocol for this kit for testing urine?
A: Yes, this kit can be used for testing urine sample. Please contact us for detailed protocol.
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References
In vitro effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and related adjuvants on primary culture of hemocytes from Haliotis tuberculata
Glyphosate-based herbicides are among the most produced and widely-used herbicides. Studies have shown that commercial formulations and adjuvants may be more toxic to non-target organisms than the active ingredients alone, but the mechanisms of action of these chemicals remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of glyphosate, a commercial formulation and adjuvant alone using primary culture of hemocytes from the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a commonly farmed shellfish. Glyphosate was found to have negligible effects on viability, phagocytic activities and lysosome stability even with very high doses (i.e. 100 mg L-1). By contrast, greater effects on viability were observed for the commercial formulation and adjuvant alone, with EC50 values of 41.42 mg L-1 and 1.85 mg L-1, respectively. These results demonstrate that the toxic sublethal effects (i.e. phagocytic activity and destabilization of lysosomal membranes) of formulated glyphosate came from adjuvants and suggest they may be related to cell and organelle membrane destabilization.
Relationship between the amount and composition of epicuticular wax and tolerance of Ipomoea biotypes to glyphosate
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES
Ipomoea species are troublesome weeds in crop systems through Brazil. Drought stress typically reduces glyphosate efficacy by reducing the foliar uptake of herbicides and their translocation. Using both glyphosate tolerant (GT) and sensitive (GS) plants fromIpomoea grandifolia,I. indivisaandI. purpureaspecies, this research aimed to (a) correlate amounts of epicuticular wax and tolerance to glyphosate in plants and (b) determine the effect of drought stress (DStress) on changes in the quantity and chemical composition of plant epicuticular waxes. The dose that causes 50% inhibition of growth (GR(50)) of the biotypes varied between 62 and 1208 (I. grandifolia), 159 and 913 (I. indivisa), and 389 and 1925 g a.e. ha(-1)of glyphosate (I. purpurea). There was low inverse correlation (-0.46) between the amount of epicuticular wax and the sensitivity to glyphosate. GT biotypes of the species presented greater plastic capacities than GS biotypes for increasing the amount of epicuticular wax under DStress. The three Ipomoea species exhibited different chemical profiles of waxes supported by IR spectra, which allows for their differentiation. ForI. grandifolia and I. purpurea, there was an increase in the polar components in the state without DStress, while for the speciesI. indivisa, no differences in infrared spectra were detected between the two water conditions.
Glyphosate is the only herbicide to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS). It is a high use rate, non-selective herbicide that translocates primarily to metabolic sinks, killing meristematic tissues away from the application site. Its phloem-mobile properties and slow action in killing weeds allow the herbicide to move throughout the plant to kill all meristems, making it effective for perennial weed control. Since commercialization in 1974, its use has grown to dominate the herbicide market. Much of its use is on transgenic, glyphosate-resistant crops (GRCs), which have been the dominant transgenic crops worldwide. GRCs with glyphosate provided the most effective and inexpensive weed management technology in history for a decade or more. However, as a consequence of the rapid increase in glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, the effectiveness of glyphosate use in GRCs is declining. Critics have claimed that glyphosate-treated GRCs have altered mineral nutrition and increased susceptibility to plant pathogens because of glyphosate's ability to chelate divalent metal cations, but the complete resistance of GRCs to glyphosate indicates that chelating metal cations do not contribute to the herbicidal activity or significantly affect mineral nutrition. The rates of increases in yields of maize, soybean, and cotton in the USA have been unchanged after high adoption rates of GRCs. Glyphosate is toxic to some plant pathogens, and thereby can act as a fungicide in GRCs. Ultra-low doses of glyphosate stimulate plant growth in glyphosate-susceptible plants by unknown mechanisms. Despite rapid and widespread increases in GR weeds, glyphosate use has not decreased. However, as GR weeds increase, adoption of alternative technologies will eventually lead to decreased use.
Environmental and health effects of the herbicide glyphosate
Science of The Total Environment
Authors: Van Bruggen A H C, He M M, Shin K, et al.
The herbicide glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine, has been used extensively in the past 40 years, under the assumption that side effects were minimal. However, in recent years, concerns have increased worldwide about the potential wide ranging direct and indirect health effects of the large scale use of glyphosate. In 2015, the World Health Organization reclassified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans. A detailed overview is given of the scientific literature on the movement and residues of glyphosate and its breakdown product aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) in soil and water, their toxicity to macro- and microorganisms, their effects on microbial compositions and potential indirect effects on plant, animal and human health. Although the acute toxic effects of glyphosate and AMPA on mammals are low, there are animal data raising the possibility of health effects associated with chronic, ultra-low doses related to accumulation of these compounds in the environment. Intensive glyphosate use has led to the selection of glyphosate-resistant weeds and microorganisms. Shifts in microbial compositions due to selective pressure by glyphosate may have contributed to the proliferation of plant and animal pathogens. Research on a link between glyphosate and antibiotic resistance is still scarce but we hypothesize that the selection pressure for glyphosate-resistance in bacteria could lead to shifts in microbiome composition and increases in antibiotic resistance to clinically important antimicrobial agents. We recommend interdisciplinary research on the associations between low level chronic glyphosate exposure, distortions in microbial communities, expansion of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of animal, human and plant diseases. Independent research is needed to revisit the tolerance thresholds for glyphosate residues in water, food and animal feed taking all possible health risks into account.
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Figure 1. Fate and movement of glyphosate in different pools.
