Sanitary status of Slovenian indigenous grapevine cultivar refosk
JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL DES SCIENCES DE LA VIGNE ET DU VIN
Authors: Tomazic, I; Korosec-Koruza, Z; Petrovic, N
Abstract
Sanitary status of visually selected and nonselected indigenous grapevine cultivar 'Refosk' (Vitis vinifera L. cv.'Refosk') was evaluated. Nine viruses were tested by ELISA: Nepoviruses Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Closteroviruses Grapevine leafroll associated viruses 1 (GLRaV-1), 2 (GLRaV-2), 3 (GLRaV-3), and 6 (GLRaV-6), Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) and Vitiviruses Grapevine virus A (GVA) and Grapevine virus B (GVB). All viruses except ArMV and GVB were detected. The vines of cv. 'Refosk' passing the visual selection were 50% free of tested viruses in comparison to only 24% virus-free vines of non-visually selected material. Visually selected plants revealed the highest incidence of virus GLRaV-1 (37%) and in addition to that a 15% incidence of rugose wood (RW) disease symptoms.
Survey of mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) vectors of Ampelovirus and Vitivirus in vineyards of northwestern Italy
PHYTOPARASITICA
Authors: Bertin, Sabrina; Cavalieri, Vincenzo; Graziano, Carlo; Bosco, Domenico
Abstract
Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are sap-sucking insects which infest a broad range of crops worldwide. They represent an important threat to viticulture as they are vectors of viruses associated with leafroll and rugose wood complex diseases. In this study, we surveyed the presence of mealybugs and their associated viruses in vineyards of the Piemonte and Liguria regions, northwestern Italy. In order to determine the collected specimens correctly, we added a species-specific marker for Heliococcus bohemicus to an existing molecular identification key. The only species collected in Piemonte was H. bohemicus, whereas in Liguria, H. bohemicus, Planococcus ficus and Pseudococcus longispinus were found; Ps. longispinus has never before been reported in Italian vineyards. Several specimens of all three species were infected by the ampeloviruses GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 and the vitivirus GVA. Both nymphs and adult females tested positive for the viruses and mixed infections were commonly found within the same insect. Population levels and virus incidence were higher in Liguria than in Piemonte, suggesting a greater risk of disease spread. We conclude that the mild, Mediterranean climate of Liguria favors the development of a diverse mealybug fauna while only H. bohemicus, known to be tolerant to the severe continental winter temperatures, colonize grapevines in colder viticultural areas.