Rabbit Anti-Human GC monoclonal antibody, clone KN21-47

Roots of weeds that are left behind in the soil after removal of their aerial parts can reduce the growth of crops. Here we conducted an assessment to evaluate the allelopathic interference of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia roots and its rhizosphere soil on the growth of Pisum sativum L., identification of chemicals involved, the role of charcoal, the role of N and other macronutrients. Growth responses of P. sativum were analysed for (a) rhizosphere soil with and without N supplementation and (b) soil amendment with Nicotiana roots. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) analysis of the rhizosphere soil was conducted to look for concentration of essential nutrients. Rhizosphere soil showed an inhibitory effect even with N supplementation. SEM-EDS showed a healthy concentration of essential nutrients. Root residues of Nicotiana integrated with soil do cause a reduction in seedling length (root length, shoot length) and dry biomass of recipient plant. However, a partial alleviation in growth inhibition occurred upon the addition of activated charcoal. Soils amended with root residues were rich in phenolics as compared to control. Overall, 34 compounds were reported upon GC-MS analysis which can be considered responsible for the allelopathic suppression of P. sativum. The chief component was guanosine (26.21%) followed by n-hexadecanoic acid (18.61%), oleic acid (18.29%), palmitoleic acid (4.80%), -(-)nicotine (5.09%) and solasodine (2.54%). These results show a definite role of putative allelochemicals that exerted allelopathic effects on P. sativum.

This paper aims to evaluate the Er:YAG laser efficacy to safely thin a varnish on a modern 19th century oil painting. Tests were carried out under single and multiple laser scans directly on the surface (dry) or after pre-wetting with deionised water (DIW) and a non-ionic surfactant (Tween 20), fluence ranges of 0.56-2.40 J/cm(2) and 100 mu sec pulse duration. Microscope glass coverslips were placed on the painting surface during irradiation to collect the condensed resin fragments that were extracted from the varnished surfaces. Spectral clusterisation maps of Multispectral Imaging (MSI) data of the irradiated surface supported the evaluation of the procedure. Further evaluation was performed by stereomicroscopy and colourimetry. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis indicated that the varnish resin was dammar. The collected resin fragments were analysed by FT-IR. The results showed that the resin did not degrade even at the highest level of fluence employed, thereby allowing a subsequent analytical evaluation.