Anti-Enolase (NSE) polyclonal antibody

Objectives To assess chromogranin A (CGA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and changes in these at different stages of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA). Methods Overall, 1095 serum samples from 395 patients, divided into three treatment groups, were analysed; the radical prostatectomy (RP) cohort (n = 157) included patients with clinically localized PCA, while the docetaxel (DOC) and the abiraterone (ABI)/enzalutamide (ENZA) cohorts included 95 and 143 patients, respectively, with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. CGA, NSE and total PSA levels were measured using the KRYPTOR method. Results Baseline CGA and NSE levels were higher in castration-resistant (DOC and ABI/ENZA cohorts) than in hormone-naive, clinically localized PCA (P < 0.001). High baseline CGA levels were independently associated with poor overall survival in both the DOC and the ABI/ENZA cohorts, with a stronger association in the ABI/ENZA cohort. In the ABI/ENZA cohort, a > 50% CGA increase at 3 months was associated with poor survival, especially in patients with high baseline CGA levels. Conclusions The two- to threefold higher neuroendocrine marker levels in castration-resistant compared to hormone-naive PCA support the presence of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation under androgen deprivation therapy. Our results showed patients with high baseline CGA levels who experienced a further CGA increase during ABI and ENZA treatment had the poorest prognosis. Serum CGA levels could help in tailoring and monitoring therapy in advanced PCA.

Methods based on prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have been reported for photothermal immunoassays in analytical nanoscience fields but most suffer from low sensitivity and are not beneficial for routine use. Herein, we design anin situamplified near-infrared (NIR) photothermal immunoassay for the quantitative screening of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) on a portable thermometer using PBNP-encapsulated nanoliposomes as photosensitive materials. Biotinylated liposomes loaded with numerous prussian blue nanoparticles were synthesized through a typical reverse-phase evaporation method. The photothermal immunoassay was carried out in an anti-NSE capture antibody-coated microplate using the biotinylated anti-NSE secondary antibody. With the sandwiched immunoreaction and the biotin-avidin linkage, the subsequent photothermal measurement of PBNPs released from the liposomes with buffered surfactant including Tween 20 was conducted on a digital thermometer under near-infrared 808 nm laser irradiation, accompanied by the convertion of NIR-light wavelength to heat. Under the optimum conditions, the photothermal immunoassay displayed a wide dynamic concentration range of 0.1-100 ng mL(-1)with a low detection limit for NSE of 0.053 ng mL(-1). Good reproducibility (RSD <= 2.78% for intra-assay; RSD <= 4.39% for inter-assay), high selectivity against other biomarkers, and a long-term stability (>= 94.9% of the initial signal during six-month storage) were acquired in the photothermal immunoassay. Impressively, the analysis of 7 human serum specimens for target NESviathe photothermal immunoassay also gave well-matched results with the referenced human NSE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.