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At present, most island energy supply is highly dependent on long-distance transportation of fossil energy, which give rise to high cost and risk of energy supply system. Therefore, establishment a multi-energy complementary power generation system (MECP) is an urgent need to realize a safe and efficient energy supply model in that region. In this study, a copula-based interval full-infinite programming (CIFP) method was developed for optimal design MECP. CIFP method not only can be used to represent a variety of uncertainties with interval values, functional intervals and probability distributions, but also can reflect the uncertainty between random variables with different probability distributions of unknown correlations. Then, based on CIFP method, a CIFP-MECP model formulated for optimal designing MECP in an island of South China Sea. In this model, considering eight fossil energy scarcity coefficients for nine constraint-violation levels. Results reveal that uncertainties existed in system components have significant effects on outputs of decision variables and system total cost, and variation of system cost reached [49.48%, 56.25%]. Results also disclose that the proportion of renewable energy generation increased gradually with the increase of fossil energy scarcity coefficient, and when Scarcity = 30, the proportion reached the maximum, accounting for [98.54%, 99.10%]. Through this study of island MECP, the use of renewable energy is increased and the proportion of fossil energy in energy structure is greatly reduced, so as to reduce the generation of pollutants and provide a feasible basis for the island to use clean energy. This study can help decision maker identify the dynamic characteristics of regional power generation system, determine the required decision-making schemes and analyze the effects of interactions among multiple uncertainties on system outputs. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Naturally-occurring gas hydrate, either in deepwater continental margins or in permafrost regions, is a promising unconventional energy resource which has attracted a lot attention from governments and researchers. In this paper, we studied the phase behavior for methane hydrate and mixed-gas hydrate. Four permafrost hydrates and three marine hydrate deposits were selected for analysis. They were Messoyakha (Russia), Mount Elbert (Alaska), Mackezie (Canada), Qilian Mountain (China) in permafrost regions and Blake Ridge (West Coast of US), Shenhu (South China Sea), and Nankai Trough (Japan Sea) in deepwater continental margins. The thickness of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) was calculated and compared. Our results show that the thickness of the GHSZ in permafrost regions is 1.3 to 4.5 times thicker than that in marine regions due to three factors: lower mudline temperature, smaller geothermal gradients and higher percentage of non-methane gases. The ramifications are that both the gas initially-in-place and the gas production rate will likely be higher in the permafrost environment. In addition, like other unconventional reservoirs, sustained gas production from a gas hydrate reservoir will likely require constantly drilling new wells to replace declining production from existing wells. All these suggest that development of gas hydrate in deep marine environment may be cost prohibitive. On the other hand, the well cost and drilling challenges will be significantly lower in the onshore permafrost environment where the resource density is also higher. Consequently, we see more potential for commercial development of permafrost hydrates than marine hydrates.