Anti-PIV type 1 Monoclonal antibody, Clone 2332

The present experimental study has been carried out to evaluate the performance and flow characteristics of the Wafer cone flowmeter using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Two equivalent diameters (beta) of 0.62 and 0.72 with combination of two vertex angles (phi) namely 30 degrees and 45 degrees are used for the evaluation of the performance of the flowmeter in the range of Reynolds number of 3 x 10(3) to 8.19 x 10(4). The investigation shows that the coefficient of discharge seems to be independent of beta-value with the increase in vertex angle. Further, the appropriate location of the downstream pressure tap is also estimated for the cone configuration beta = 0.62 and phi = 30 degrees. It is observed that the downstream pressure tap location of 0.8D distance gives a higher value of discharge coefficient compared to 0.0D distance with the error being also lower marginally. PIV data has been analysed for the cone configuration beta = 0.62 and phi = 30 degrees at four Reynolds numbers of 3028, 6057, 52755 and 74488 in terms of axial velocity and turbulent intensity. The measurements reveal an interesting phenomenon in terms of the rapid decay of turbulent kinetic energy on the downstream of the cone. This may be due to the interference of the cone wake with the support wake resulting in fast decay. This unique phenomenon leads to the reduction in the requirement of the downstream straight length for the Wafer cone flow meter, unlike other obstruction type flowmeters.

Surface ruptures caused by strong earthquakes are one of the most concerning issues for construction projects. In this paper, geotechnical centrifuge model tests is performed to successfully simulate the reverse faulting process. Using a linear laser displacement sensor (LLDS) and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, the surface deformation process and faulting behaviours are studied in dry and wet sand with a thickness of 40 m above a bedrock surface. Based on an analysis of high-precision surface monitoring data, the soil rupture process is divided into four stages: the overall uplift period, inclination deformation period, scarp growth period, and deformation slowdown and lag period. In addition, the characteristics of the soil deformation and the propagation behaviour of the upper fault tip are obtained. This experiment and related achievements can provide references for further understanding the deformation of thick soil layers caused by reverse faulting.