Parainfluenza 1/2/3 IgG ELISA Kit

Name: Parainfluenza 1/2/3 IgG ELISA Kit
SKU: DEIA1948
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

Regulatory status: For research use only, not for use in diagnostic procedures.

COA

SDS

Datasheet

Summary

Sample

Human Serum or Plasma (citrate, heparin)

Species Reactivity

Human

Detection Method

ELISA

Intended Use

Enzyme immunoassay for the qualitative determination of IgG class antibodies against Parainfluenza virus (Type 1, 2 and 3) in human serum or plasma (citrate, heparin).

Contents of Kit

Enzyme immunoassay for the qualitative determination of IgG class antibodies against Parainfluenza virus (Type 1, 2 and 3) in human serum or plasma (citrate, heparin).

Storage

Store the kit at 2 - 8°C. The opened reagents are stable up to the expiry date stated on the label when stored at 2 - 8°C.

Performance Characteristics

The results refer to the groups of samples investIgGted; these are not guaranteed specifications.
The diagnostic sensitivity is defined as the probability of the assay of scoring positive in the presence of the specific analyte. It is 100% (95% confidence interval: 59.04 % - 100 %).
The diagnostic specificity is defined as the probability of the assay of scoring negative in the absence of the specific analyte. It is 100% (95% confidence interval: 87.23 % - 100 %).

Precision

General Description

Parainfluenza viruses are important viral pathogens causing upper and lower respiratory infections in adults and children. The viruses belong to the family of Paramyxoviridae. They are enveloped single-stranded RNA viruses with spherical or pleomorphic shape. Parainfluenza viruses are relatively large viruses of about 150 - 300 nm in diameter. On the basis of antigenic differences they are divided into four subtypes, of which type 4 is divided into two subtypes. Parainfluenza virus 1 and 3 belong to the paramyxovirus genus. Parainfluenza virus 2, 4a and 4b belong to the rubella virus genus along with mumps. The virus is ubiquitous; infections occur as epidemics as well as sporadically. Parainfluenza viruses are sensitive to detergents and heat but can remain viable on surfaces for up to 10 hours. Transmission occurs via droplets, aerosols and fomites (viruses survive on surfaces). Parainfluenza virus infections are primarily childhood diseases, the highest age-specific attack rates for croup occur in children below the age of 3 years. Type 3 infections occur earliest and most frequently, so that ~50% of children are infected during the first year of life and almost all by 6 years, as determined by seroepidemiological studies. Antibodies against types 1 and 2 are acquired less rapidly but 80% of children have antibodies by 10 years of age. Type 4 viruses induce few clinical illnesses but infections are common, 70 - 80% of children have antibodies by 10 years of age. In all age groups, the incubation period appears to be five to six days. Croup or laryngotracheobronchitis is the commonest clinical manifestation of infection. Parainfluenza viruses are found uncommonly associated with other respiratory tract infections in children such as tracheobronchitis, bronchiolitis, and bronchopneumonia. Occasionally, a mild non-specific illness is seen after parainfluenza virus infection. In adults, the virus is usually limited to causing inflammation in the upper parts of the respiratory tract.
Infection or presence of pathogen may be identified by:
1.Microscopy
2.PCR
3.Serology: e.g. ELISA

Citations

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Documents

pdf COA

pdf SDS

pdf Datasheet

QA & Reviews

Customer Reviews

References

Measurement of the Flow Field Generated by Multicopter Propellers

SENSORS

Authors: Czyz, Zbigniew; Karpinski, Pawel; Stryczniewicz, Wit

Abstract

This paper presents the results of research on the airflow around a multirotor aircraft. The research consisted of the analysis of the velocity field using particle image velocimetry. Based on the tests carried out in a wind tunnel, the distribution of the velocity and its components in the vertical plane passing through the propeller axis were determined for several values of the angle of attack of the tested object for two values of airflow velocity inside the tunnel, i.e., v(wt) = 0 m/s and v(wt) = 12.5 m/s. Determining the velocity value as a function of the coordinates of the adopted reference system allowed for defining the range of impact of the horizontal propellers and the fuselage of the research object itself. The tests allowed for quantitative and qualitative analyses of the airflow through the horizontal rotor. Particular attention was paid to the impact of the airflow and the angle of attack on the obtained velocity field distributions.

Internal shear layers and edges of uniform momentum zones in a turbulent pipe flow

JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS

Authors: Gul, M.; Elsinga, G. E.; Westerweel, J.

Abstract

This paper provides an experimental investigation on the internal shear layers and the edges of the uniform momentum zones (UMZs) in a turbulent pipe flow. The time-resolved stereoscopic particle image velocimetry data are acquired in the cross-section of the pipe, and span the range of Reynolds number . In the first part of the study, internal shear layers are detected using a three-dimensional detection method, and both their geometry as well as their fingerprint in the flow statistics are examined. Three-dimensional conditional mean flow analysis revealed a strong low-speed region beneath the average shear layers. This low-speed region is associated with positive wall-normal fluctuations, and it is accompanied by two swirling motions having opposite signs on either side in the azimuthal direction. Moreover, the shear layers are stretched by the two opposite azimuthal motions. In the second part of the study, the shear layers are treated as the continuous edges of the UMZs, which are detected using the histogram method following Adrian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 422, 2000, pp. 1-54) and de Silva et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 786, 2016, pp. 309-331). For this part, two different orientation of the planes are used, i.e. the wall-normal-streamwise plane and the wall-normal-spanwise plane (cross-section of the pipe). Comparison of the detected structures shows that the shear layers mostly overlap with a UMZ edge (in either plane).