Anti-PRKCZ monoclonal antibody

BackgroundPrkcz has been identified as a gene whose expression is positively correlated with ethanol (EtOH) consumption in mice and is also induced by EtOH. Two proteins are produced from Prkcz: protein kinase M zeta (PKM), which is expressed in the nervous system and protein kinase C zeta (PKC), which is expressed in other tissues. We examined Prkcz(-/-) mice that lack PKC and PKM to investigate the role of this gene in behavioral responses to EtOH. MethodsMale Prkcz(-/-) and wild-type littermates were tested for EtOH consumption using 4 procedures: 24-hour intermittent access, 4-hour limited intermittent access, 4-day drinking-in-the-dark, and 24-hour continuous access. We also assessed the acute hypnotic effect of EtOH, EtOH reward, and taste preference for sweet-, bitter-, salty-, and umami-flavored solutions. Finally, we determined whether EtOH could increase PKM and PKC transcripts and protein expression in wild-type mice using quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. ResultsPrkcz(-/-) mice consumed more EtOH than their wild-type littermates in both intermittent access procedures, but not in the drinking-in-the-dark or 24-hour continuous access procedures. EtOH exposure increased Prkcz transcripts in cultured PC12 cells, and intermittent EtOH consumption increased PKM protein in the ventral striatum of wild-type mice. ConclusionsAbsence of PKM in the brain is associated with increased EtOH intake during procedures that incorporate intermittent consumption sessions every other day. Our data suggest that EtOH induces PKM, which acts in a negative feedback loop to limit binge-like EtOH consumption.

Specification of the trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) lineages in the mouse blastocyst correlates with cell position, as TE derives from outer cells whereas ICM from inner cells. Differences in position are reflected by cell polarization and Hippo signaling. Only in outer cells, the apical-basal cell polarity is established, and Hippo signaling is inhibited in such a manner that LATS1 and 2 (LATS1/2) kinases are prevented from phosphorylating YAP, a key transcriptional co-activator of the TE-specifying gene Cdx2. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate these events are not fully understood. Here, we showed that inhibition of RHO-ROCK signaling enhances ICM and suppresses TE characteristics through activation of Hippo signaling and disruption of apical-basal polarity. Embryos treated with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 exhibited elevated expression of ICM marker NANOG and reduced expression of CDX2 at the blastocyst stage. Y-27632-treated embryos failed to accumulate YAP in the nucleus, although it was rescued by concomitant inhibition of LATS1/2. Segregation between apical and basal polarity regulators, namely PARD6B, PRKCZ, SCRIB, and LLGL1, was dampened by Y-27632 treatment, whereas some of the polarization events at the late 8-cell stage such as compaction and apical localization of p-ERM and tyrosinated tubulin occurred normally. Similar abnormalities of Hippo signaling and apical-basal polarization were also observed in embryos that were treated with RHO GTPases inhibitor. These results suggest that RHO-ROCK signaling plays an essential role in regulating Hippo signaling and cell polarization to enable proper specification of the ICM and TE lineages. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.