Experimental Verification on a Slicing Management Based on the mPlane Monitoring Plane with GPON Comparison
FIBER AND INTEGRATED OPTICS
Authors: Tego, E.; Matera, F.; Attanasio, V; Nastri, E.
Abstract
We experimentally verify a slicing approach, operating in a PBB-TE core and PON access architecture, based on the mPlane measurement plane, also adopted to manage slicing instances. The key element of this paper is the proposal and the implementation of the Slicing End Point (SEP), that is the client element to set up the slice path, and, at the same time, it allows us to monitor the network performance. The slices are based on VLAN/MPLS/PBB-TE logical paths and they can be managed for the implementation of different class of services. The whole SDN mPlane architecture allows us manage the slices also with restoration procedures. Furthermore, the tests on latency confirm the advantages of the NG-PON2 accesses for 5G backhauling also in this slicing configuration.
Expression of PPAR gamma and Paraoxonase 2 Correlated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Cystic Fibrosis
PLOS ONE
Authors: Griffin, Phoebe E.; Roddam, Louise F.; Belessis, Yvonne C.; Strachan, Roxanne; Beggs, Sean; Jaffe, Adam; Cooley, Margaret A.
Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecule N-3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3OC(12)HSL) can inhibit function of the mammalian anti-inflammatory transcription factor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, and can be degraded by human paraoxonase (PON)2. Because 3OC(12)HSL is detected in lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients infected with P. aeruginosa, we investigated the relationship between P. aeruginosa infection and gene expression of PPAR gamma and PON2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of children with CF. Total RNA was extracted from cell pellets of BALF from 43 children aged 6 months-5 years and analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative real time PCR for gene expression of PPAR gamma, PON2, and P. aeruginosa lasI, the 3OC12HSL synthase. Patients with culture-confirmed P. aeruginosa infection had significantly lower gene expression of PPAR gamma and PON2 than patients without P. aeruginosa infection. All samples that were culture-positive for P. aeruginosa were also positive for lasI expression. There was no significant difference in PPAR gamma or PON2 expression between patients without culture-detectable infection and those with non-Pseudomonal bacterial infection, so reduced expression was specifically associated with P. aeruginosa infection. Expression of both PPAR gamma and PON2 was inversely correlated with neutrophil counts in BALF, but showed no correlation with other variables evaluated. Thus, lower PPAR gamma and PON2 gene expression in the BALF of children with CF is associated specifically with P. aeruginosa infection and neutrophilia. We cannot differentiate whether this is a cause or the effect of P. aeruginosa infection, but propose that the level of expression of these genes may be a marker for susceptibility to early acquisition of P. aeruginosa in children with CF.