Anti-PEG10 monoclonal antibody, clone 2F3-G23-D23

Imprinted genes, which are monoallelically expressed by virtue of an epigenetic process initiated in the germline, are known to play key roles in regulating fetal growth and placental development. Numerous studies are investigating the expression of these imprinted genes in the human placenta in relation to common complications of pregnancy such as fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. This study aimed to determine whether placental sampling protocols or other factors such as fetal sex, gestational age and mode of delivery may influence the expression of imprinted genes predicted to regulate placental signalling. Methods: Term placentas were collected from Caucasian women delivering at University Hospital of Wales or Royal Gwent Hospital within two hours of delivery. Expression of the imprinted genes PHLDA2, CDKN1C, PEG3 and PEG10 was assayed by quantitative real time PCR. Intraplacental gene expression was analysed (N = 5). Placental gene expression was compared between male (N = 11) and female (N = 11) infants, early term (N = 8) and late term (N = 10) deliveries and between labouring (N = 13) and non-labouring (N = 21) participants. Results: The paternally expressed imprinted genes PEG3 and PEG 10 were resilient to differences in sampling site, fetal sex, term gestational age and mode of delivery. The maternally expressed imprinted gene CDKN1C was elevated over 2-fold (p < 0.001) in placenta from labouring deliveries compared with elective caesarean sections. In addition, the maternally expressed imprinted gene PHLDA2 was elevated by 1.8 fold (p = 0.01) in samples taken at the distal edge of the placenta compared to the cord insertion site. Conclusion: These findings support the reinterpretation of existing data sets on these genes in relation to complications of pregnancy and further reinforce the importance of optimising and unifying placental collection protocols for future studies. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Objectives: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy represents the gold standard in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BC) both in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting. Since novel immunooncologic agents are available for cisplatin-resistant or ineligible patients, biological markers for the prediction of cisplatin resistance become more important in treatment decisions. Therefore, we aimed to assess the therapy predictive value of 8 promising tissue biomarkers with regard to cisplatin therapy. Methods: Emmprin, survivin, HMGA2, MTA1, RhoGDI, PEG10, TGM2, and TLN1 expressions were analyzed in paraffin-embedded bladder cancer tissue samples of 106 patients who underwent adjuvant or salvage cisplatin-based chemotherapy by using immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with the clinicopathological and follow-up data by performing both univariable and multivariable survival analyses. Results: Higher HMGA2 nuclear staining intensity and positive survivin nuclear staining were associated with worse overall survival (OS) (P = 0.045 and P = 0.002, respectively). In accordance, survivin nuclear staining also significantly correlated with shorter progression free survival (PFS, P = 0.024), while HMGA2 nuclear positivity tended to correlate with shorter PFS (P = 0.069) after at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy. In the multivariable analyses only survivin remained as an independent predictor of both OS and PFS (P = 0.008 and P = 0.025). None of the other markers proved to be significant predictors of adjuvant or salvage cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that survivin represents a promising marker for the prediction of cisplatin resistance in BC. In addition the therapy predictive role of HMGA2 should be further investigated. Immunohistochemical analysis of BC samples provides a feasible way for the prediction of cisplatin-resistance and may therefore provide a valuable tool for optimizing treatment decisions in advanced BC. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.