Nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite with three-dimensional conducting network for high rate supercapacitors
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
Authors: Wu, Mengmeng; Tong, Shixuan; Jiang, Lili; Hou, Baoquan; Li, Xinyue; Zhang, Yacong; Yue, Jinhui; Jiang, Meihui; Sheng, Lizhi
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials are widely used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, the electrodes based on these materials generally suffer from poor conductivity due to point-to-point contact of granular materials, especially at high charging/discharging rates. Herein, nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite (N-PC/CNT) with three-dimensional (3D) conducting network is prepared by carbonizing carbon nanotube (CNT) thread zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) composite. In this construction, the carbonized ZIF-8 with rich pore structure serves as a "reservoir" to provide storage space for electrolyte ions, while CNTs act as "wires" to form internal 3D conducting network for rapid electron transfer. As a result, the obtained N-PC/CNT exhibits a high specific capacitance of 334.5 F g(-1) at 1 A g(-1), excellent rate capability (195.5 F g(-1) at 100 A g(-1), capacitance retention of 58%), remarkable cycling stability (almost 100% capacitance retention after 20000 cycles) and outstanding frequency response with an ultrahigh rate up to 3 V s(-1) in 6 M KOH electrolyte. These prominent performances result from the synergy of high nitrogen doping content (12.1 at.%), large specific surface area (980.2 m(2) g(-1)), suitable pore size distribution and excellent conductivity. The assembled N-PC/CNT//N-PC/CNT symmetric supercapacitor exhibits a maximal energy density of 17 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 533 W kg(-1) in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Evidently, the nitrogen-doped porous carbon composite has a great development potential for advanced supercapacitors or other electrochemical energy storage devices. (c) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Ecological impacts of pesticides on Astyanax jacuhiensis (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Uruguay river, Brazil
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Authors: Goncalves, Carjone; Marins, Aline Teixeira; Blank do Amaral, Aline Monique; Medina Nunes, Mauro Eugenio; Muller, Talise Ellwanger; Severo, Eduardo; Feijo, Adriane; Rodrigues, Cintia C. R.; Zanella, Renato; Prestes, Osmar Damian; Clasen, Barbara; Loro, Vania Lucia
Abstract
Brazilian freshwater ecosystems are continuously exposed to pesticides and domestic sewage. The Uruguay River was chosen for this study because of its international importance, as it flows through Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. It receives contaminants such as pesticides and domestic residues. Thus, the aim of this study to assess the accumulation of pesticides in muscle of the fish Astyanax jacuhiensis, its biochemical responses, and the presence of pesticides in water. In total, seven pesticides were registered in water from both river sites. Eight pesticides were detected in fish muscle. The biochemical responses showed that brain lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein carbonyl (PC) in A. jacuhiensis were higher in the summer. Muscle showed the highest LPO levels in the spring and the highest PC in the summer. Liver LPO and PC levels were higher in the spring and summer. In the gills, the PC was higher in the spring and the LPO in the spring and winter. In the brain and in the gills, glutathione-S-transferase activity was high in the summer and autumn. Catalase activity was lower during the winter and spring. Non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels were lower in the brain in the winter and spring. Muscle tissue showed lower NPSH in the winter (site 1). Liver NPSH showed increased levels in liver in the spring and winter (site 2). The biochemical results clearly is related to pesticides and/or to the presence of other contaminants in the water such as metals or domestic sewage. The accumulation of pesticides in fish muscle added evidence that pesticides have been used in the area surrounding the Uruguay River. In conclusion, the bio-markers assayed in the present study could be used in future investigations considering other sampling sites along Uruguay River.