Analysis of the Quality of Points of Interest in the Most Popular Location-based Games
COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Laato, Samuli; Pietarinen, Tarja; Rauti, Sampsa; Laine, Teemu H.
Abstract
Location-based games (LBGs) have risen to popularity recently with games like Pokemon GO, Jurassic World: Alive and Walking Dead: Our World. The games revolve around travelling to points of interests (PoIs) to perform missions, but where the points are located and what they represent in the real world varies between games. In this study, we look at the PoI placements in five popular LBGs for Android and iOS platforms: Pokemon GO, Ingress, Jurassic World: Alive, The Walking Dead: Our world and Draconius GO. The first two games utilize the same criteria-based manually created database of PoIs referred to as Portal Network, whereas the next three rely on algorithmically created PoIs. We use three factors in determining the quality of Pols: 1) connection to real world places 2) uniqueness and metadata and 3) placement. Based on the three factors, the manually created PoI database used in Ingress, Pokemon GO and the upcoming Harry Potter: Wizards Unite outperforms automatically generated alternatives in cities and near tourist attractions, and provides a more immersive, robust and safe platform for LBGs in comparison to alternatives. However, algorithmic options maintain better PoI coverage in rural areas, an issue manual solutions will need to address.
Dissecting Molecular and Circuit Mechanisms for Inhibition and Delayed Response of ASI Neurons during Nociceptive Stimulus
CELL REPORTS
Authors: Guo, Min; Ge, Minghai; Berberoglu, Michael A.; Zhou, Jie; Ma, Long; Yang, Juan; Dong, Qiyan; Feng, Yanni; Wu, Zhengxing; Dong, Zhiqiang
Abstract
The mechanisms by which off-response neurons stay quiescent during stimulation are largely unknown. Here, we dissect underlying molecular and circuit mechanisms for the inhibition of off-response ASI neurons during nociceptive Cu2+ stimulation. ASIs are inhibited in parallel by sensory neurons ASER, ADFs, and ASHs. ASER activates RIC inter-neurons that release octopamine (OA) to inhibit ASIs through SER-3 and SER-6 receptors. ADFs release 5-HT that acts on the SER-1 receptor to activate RICs and subsequently inhibit ASIs. Furthermore, it is an inherent property of ASIs that only a delayed on response is evoked by Cu2+ stimulation even when all inhibitory neurons are silenced. Ectopic expression of the ion channel OCR-2, which functions synergistically with OSM-9, in the cilia of ASIs can induce an immediate on response of ASIs upon Cu2+ stimulation. Our findings elucidate the molecular and circuit mechanisms regulating fundamental properties of ASIs, including their inhibition and delayed response.