Anti-HCV Polyclonal antibody

HBV reactivation can occur while undergoing direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV). The role of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) has not been systematically explored. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to explore the role of the presence of HBsAb on the risk of HBV reactivation related to DAA therapy. We reviewed MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and Cochrane Central for studies on DAA therapy and data on HBsAb in patients with resolved hepatitis B (hepatitis B surface antigen-negative and hepatitis B core antibody-positive). We identified twenty-nine reports: thirteen case reports with HBV reactivation (10 HBsAb-negative and 3 HBsAb-positive patients) and sixteen cohort studies totalling 2528 patients with resolved HBV infection (1429 HBsAb negative, 1099 HBsAb positive). Reactivation was found in 12 (0.8%) HBsAb-negative and 7 (0.6%) HBsAb-positive individuals of cohort studies. All but two HBV reactivation occurred in patients with HBsAb titre <30 iU/L. The presence of HBsAb showed a trend towards delayed reactivation (median 12 weeks vs 9.5 weeks; P = .07). Importantly, with the exception of a patient with escape variant and an HIV-infected individual, no HBsAb-positive individual demonstrated clinical reactivation. HBsAb presence seems to protect from clinical HBV reactivation related to DAA therapy. The most pronounced prevention for reactivation may require titres greater than 30 iU/L.

COVID-19, is a disease resulting from the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. Due to the current global emergency and the length of time required to develop specific antiviral agent(s) and a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, the world health organization (WHO) adopted the strategy of repurposing existing medications to treat COVID-19. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were previously approved by the US food and drug administration (FDA) for anemia treatment and studies have also demonstrated its antiviral activity in vitro. Therefore, we performed a docking study to explore the interaction of IONPs (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) with the spike protein receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 that is required for virus attachment to the host cell receptors. A similar docking analysis was also performed with hepatitis C virus (HCV) glycoproteins E1 and E2. These studies revealed that both Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 interacted efficiently with the SARS-CoV-2 Sl-RBD and to HCV glycoproteins, E1 and E2. Fe3O4 formed a more stable complex with Sl-RBD whereas Fe2O3 favored HCV E1 and E2. These interactions of IONPs are expected to be associated with viral proteins conformational changes and hence, viral inactivation. Therefore, we recommend FDA-approved-IONPs to proceed for COVID-19 treatment clinical trials.