Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), also known as GA733-2 antigen, is a type Itransmembrane glycoprotein composed of an extracellular domain with two EGF-Like repeats and a cystenin-rich region, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. This protein is present in the majority of human epithelial cells and is highly expressed in gastrointestinal carcinomas. It has been shown to function as a calcium-independent homophilic cell adhesion molecule that does not exhibit any obvious relationship to the four known cell adhesion molecule superfamilies. Since the cell-cell adhesion is known to play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, the high expression of GA733-2 antigen is associated with malignant tumor development in various types of cancer lesions. In addition, recent study revealed that EpCAM is the Wnt-beta-catenin signaling target gene and may be used to facilitate prognosis. EpCAM is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas.
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