Anti-DCN monoclonal antibody, clone 6F9F8

Visible-Light Communication (VLC) has the potential to provide dense and fast connectivity at low cost. In this paper we propose SFNet, a novel VLC-enabled hybrid data center network that extends the design of wireless Data Center Networks (DCNs) into three further dimensions: (1) fully wireless at the inter-rack level; (2) no need for a centralized control mechanism on wireless links; and (3) no need for any infrastructure-level alterations to data centers. Previous proposals typically cannot realize these three rationales simultaneously. To achieve this vision, the proposed SFNet augments fat-tree by organizing all racks into a wireless small-world network via VLC links. The use of VLC links eliminates hierarchical switches and cables in the wireless network, and thus reduces hardware investment and maintenance costs. To fully exploit the benefits of the topology of SFNet, we further propose its topology design and optimization method, routing scheme, and online flow scheduling algorithm. Comprehensive experiments indicate that SFNet exhibits good topological properties and network performance.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term course of MRI signal intensity (SI) changes and the presence of gadolinium in the rat brain during a 1-year period after multiple administrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs). Materials and Methods: Rats received a linear GBCA (gadodiamide, gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadobenate dimeglumine), a macrocyclic GBCA (gadobutrol, gadoterate meglumine, gadoteridol), or saline. Animals received eight injections over 2 weeks (1.8 mmol/kg per injection). Brain MRI and gadolinium measurements were performed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation ICP-MS 5, 26, and 52 weeks after administration. Results: Animals that received linear GBCAs showed higher deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN)-to-brainstem SI ratios compared with the saline group (P<.001 at all time points). After 1 year, mean gadolinium concentrations in the cerebellum were 3.38 nmol/g (gadodiamide), 2.13 nmol/g (gadopentetate dimeglumine), and 1.91 nmol/g (gadobenate dimeglumine). For linear agents, laser ablation ICP-MS revealed gadolinium depositions in the cerebellar nuclei. For macrocyclic GBCAs, the DCN-to-brainstem SI ratios did not significantly differ from those in the saline group (P>.42) and the cerebellar gadolinium concentrations decreased between weeks 5 and 52, reaching 0.08 nmol/g (gadobutrol), 0.04 nmol/g (gadoterate meglumine), and 0.07 nmol/g (gadoteridol). The respective laser ablation ICP-MS analysis showed no gadolinium depositions. Conclusion: Increased signal intensity in the deep cerebellar nuclei of rats persists for at least 1 year after administration of linear gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), in line with persistent brain gadolinium concentrations with no elimination after the initial 5-week period. The animals that received macrocyclic GBCAs showed an ongoing elimination of gadolinium from the brain during the entire observation period. (c) RSNA, 2018