Rabbit Anti-Human CD4 Polyclonal antibody

Background. We recently reported that a novel CXCR5(+)IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T-cell subset significantly inhibits posttransplant alloantibody production in a murine transplant model. These findings prompted the current study to investigate the association of human CD8(+) T cells with the same phenotype with the development of de novo donor-specific antibody (DSA) after kidney transplantation. Methods. In the current studies, we prospectively and serially analyzed peripheral blood CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell subsets and monitored for the development of de novo DSA in kidney transplant recipients during the first-year posttransplant. We report results on 95 first-time human kidney transplant recipients with 1-year follow-up. Results. Twenty-three recipients (24.2%) developed de novo DSA within 1-year posttransplant. Recipients who developed DSA had significantly lower quantities of peripheral CXCR5(+)IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T cells (P = 0.01) and significantly lower ratios of CXCR5(+)IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T cell to combined CD4(+) Th1/Th2 cell subsets (IFN-gamma(+)CD4(+) and IL-4(+)CD4(+) cells; P = 0.0001) compared to recipients who remained DSA-negative over the first-year posttransplant. Conclusions. Our data raise the possibility that human CXCR5(+)IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T cells are a homolog to murine CXCR5(+)IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T cells (termed antibody-suppressor CD8(+) T cells) and that the quantity of CXCR5(+)IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T cells (or the ratio of CXCR5(+)IFN-gamma(+)CD8(+) T cells to Th1/Th2 CD4(+) T cells) may identify recipients at risk for development of DSA.

This is the first reported case of follicular T-cell lymphoma (FTCL) that primarily developed in the extranodal site of the right submandibular gland. An 86-year-old man was detected with a right cervical mass suspected to be malignant lymphoma during his physical examination. Imaging studies revealed that the mass was a submandibular gland tumor. The tumor was excised for diagnosis and treatment. Pathologically, the tumor was composed of densely aggregated lymphocytes with a follicular growth pattern. The immunohistochemical investigation showed that the lymphoma cells expressed CD3, CD4, programmed cell death protein 1, BCL6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13, and BCL2. Staining of the follicular dendritic cell revealed its meshwork structure limited in the germinal center. Monoclonal rearrangement of the T-cell receptor was detected using polymerase chain reaction. These findings are consistent with the characteristics of FTCL. Here, we describe the first reported case of extranodal counterpart of FTCL of the submandibular gland. Accumulation and investigation of such extranodal cases is essential.