The plausible association of MTHFR and ADORA2A polymorphisms with nodules in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate
PHARMACOGENETICS AND GENOMICS
Authors: Soukup, Tomas; Dosedel, Martin; Nekvindova, Jana; Kubena, Ales Antonin; Tacheci, Ilja; Tebbens, Jurjen Duintjer; Vlcek, Jiri; Bradna, Petr; Barvik, Ivan; Pavek, Petr
Abstract
Objective The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with methotrexate (MTX) is linked to the development or progression of rheumatoid nodules. The aim of this study was to determine whether folate and adenosine pathways-related single nucleotide polymorphisms might be predictive of increased nodule formation in RA patients treated with oral MTX. Methods A total of 185 Caucasian RA patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, all of whom fulfilled the 1987 RA criteria of the American College of Rheumatology; each patient had a history of MTX treatment. Results A higher frequency of the MTHFR 1298AA genotype was found in 17 (70.8%) of 24 patients with general nodules [odds ratio (OR)= 3.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-7.69] and in 14 (73.7%) of 19 patients who developed nodules during MTX treatment (OR = 3.55, 95% CI: 1.22-10.32). In contrast, a negative association with nodules during MTX treatment (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.08-1.10) was found for 19 (79.2%) patients with the TT genotype (rs2298383) in the adenosine A2a receptor gene (ADORA2A). However, the significance did not remain upon correction for multiple testing. The combination of MTHFR 1298AA along with ADORA2A rs2298383 CC or CT genotypes occurring in one-third of RA patients showed a higher frequency of general nodules 15/59 (25.4%) as well as developing nodules during MTX treatment 13/59 (22.0%) in comparison with the overall studied group: 24/185 (13.0%) and 19/185 (10.3%), respectively. Conclusion This exploratory study indicates for the first time a plausible association of adenosine and folate pathways single nucleotide polymorphisms in nodules' etiopathogenesis. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Synergistic effects between ADORA2A and DRD2 genes on anxiety disorders in children with ADHD
PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Authors: Fraporti, Thailan T.; Contini, Veronica; Tovo-Rodrigues, Luciana; Recamonde-Mendoza, Mariana; Rovaris, Diego L.; Rohde, Luis Augusto; Hutz, Mara Helena; Salatino-Oliveira, Angelica; Genro, Julia Pasqualini
Abstract
The prevalence of anxiety disorders in patients with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is around 15-40%, three times higher than in the general population. The dopaminergic system, classically associated with ADHD, interacts directly with the adenosinergic system through adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)) and dopamine D-2 receptors (D-2) forming A(2A)-D-2 heterodimers. Both dopaminergic and adenosinergic systems are implicated in anxiety disorders. Therefore, the aims of this study were: a) to investigate the main effects of ADORA2A and DRD2 gene variants on anxiety disorders in an ADHD sample of children and adolescents; b) to test potential synergism between ADORA2A and DRD2 genes on the same outcome; c) to explore ADORA2A variants functionality using an in silico approach. The sample consists of 478 children and adolescents with ADHD and their parents, totalizing 1.239 individuals. An association between the ADORA2A rs2298383 TT genotype with the presence of anxiety disorders (P = .004) and an interaction between ADORA2A-DRD2 risk haplotypes with the same outcome (P = .005) was detected. The in silico analyses showed that rs2298383 has the highest score for regulatory function among all variants in the ADORA2A gene described up to date. Altogether, the present findings suggested that the ADORA2A gene and the interaction of ADORA2A and DRD2 genes may play a role in anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD.