Aflatoxin, Ochratoxin and Zearalenon(AOZ) Immunoaffinity Column

An AOZ method, based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was optimized on HPLC condition such as mobile phase and wavelength to simultaneously quantify six kinds of mycotoxins [four aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA)]. Conditions for immunoaffinity clean-up, HPLC and photo-derivatization were optimized in this study and successfully applied in assessment of airborne mycotoxins from a poultry house in Dalian, China. Fifty-two air samples were collected with AGI-30 air samplers using pure water as collection media. Twenty air samples (20/52, 38.46%) were positive for four toxins. Among the positive samples, airborne mycotoxin c ncentrations (mean +/- S.D.) for AFG2, AFBI, and ZEA were 0.189 +/- 0.024 (n = 9), 0.080 +/- 0.003 (n = 11) and 2.363 +/- 0.030 (n = 5) ng/m(3) air, while the concentration for OTA was 8.530 (n = 1) ng/m(3). No positive sample was found for either AFG(1) or AFB(2). A chicken may inhale 0.019-0.057ng AFG(2), 0.013-0.019ng AFB(1), 0.436-0.513ng ZEA, and 1.706ng OTA, respectively, in a day. A poultry worker may inhale 0.504-1.512 ng AFB(1), 0.752-2.28 ng AFG(2), 68.240 ng OTA, and 17.432-20.512 ng ZEA in a working day. This is the first report on airborne mycotoxins in poultry house. These data may have importance in animal and public health implications. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Antimicrobials are added to the feed or drinking water of food-producing animals to reduce susceptibility to infection, accelerate weight gain, or reduce the amount of food required to gain weight. Some compounds have been banned for food safety reasons, for other agents the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is implementing a plan with industry to phase out a number of antibiotics. The concentrations of crystal violet (CRY), chloramphenicol (CAP), gentamicin (GEN), fluoroquinolone-enrofloxacin (FQ), malachite green (MG), and the metabolites of furaltadone (FU) and furazolidone (FZ) antibiotics (respectively AMOZ and AOZ) were determined in 30 samples both feed and fish from an aquaculture farm in eastern Sicily (Italy) using commercial ELISA Kits. Levels exceeding the method's detection capability were found in all feed and tissue samples. Feed contained all the analytes tested; GEN, CRY and CAP showed the highest mean concentrations, respectively 31.8, 4.05 and 3.67 mu g kg(-1). The mean concentrations of CAP, CRY, FQ MG, AMOZ and AOZ in muscle were 0.57, 2.05, 0.14, 0.48, 0.29 and 0.09 mu g kg(-1,) respectively (the assay was not certified to determine GEN in muscle). The higher levels detected in feed are explained by the fact that 50% of farmed fish is used to make fish meal, thus compounding bio-accumulation. Our data show that aquaculture feed and fish contain banned antimicrobials. Consumption of farmed fish may therefore involve a risk for consumers, besides contributing to the growth of antibacterial resistance. Surveys of larger feed and fish samples are needed to achieve a more reliable assessment of consumer risk. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.