CHRM1

CHRM1 Full Name

cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1

CHRM1 Introduction

Cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1 (CHRM1)is a muscarinic receptor encoded by the CHRM1 gene in humans. It is located at 11q13. This receptor mediates slow EPSP at the ganglia of postganglionic nerves, and is commonly found in exocrine glands and the central nervous system. The main finding is that it binds to Gq class G proteins, which utilize the upregulation of phospholipase C. Therefore, inositol triphosphate and intracellular calcium serve as signaling pathways. The receptor that binds in this way is insensitive to CTX or PTX. However, Gi (leading to a decrease in downstream cAMP) and Gs (leading to an increase in cAMP) have also been shown to be involved in certain tissue interactions, making them sensitive to PTX and CTX, respectively.

Figure. Structure of CHRM1.

Expression and Positioning
M1 receptors exhibit specific and functionally significant expression patterns:
Central nervous system: This is its highest and most treatment-related expression site.
Key regions: It is extensively expressed in the cerebral cortex (especially the frontal and temporal lobes), hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, and thalamus.
Cellular localization: mainly located behind synapses on the cell bodies and dendrites of pyramidal neurons and other excitatory neurons. Its position allows it to directly regulate neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity.
Peripheral tissue: Low expression in sympathetic ganglia, gastric wall cells, and salivary glands, but functionally important where it contributes to autonomous function.

CHRM1 mediates certain core aspects such as perception, attention, cognitive function, and memory consolidation through the central nervous system, especially in the brain. This is a noteworthy component for the M1 receptor as it helps explain how pharmacological compounds that antagonize the receptor continue to produce delirium and other mental states (severe attention deficit and baseline cognitive decline), as well as perceptual changes and significant hallucinations that occur when taking hallucinogenic drugs such as Mandrake. As of 2015, M1 receptor remains the only known muscarinic receptor that produces hallucinogenic delirium effects when its function is inhibited or antagonized.

Alternate Names for CHRM1

CHRM1; cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 1; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1; acetylcholine receptor; muscarinic 1; acetylcholine receptor, muscarinic 1; M1; HM1; M1R; MGC30125;