Sulfaclozine [BSA]

According to the literature, the seeds of the Mediterranian herb Nigella sativa (N. s.) contains thymolhydroquinone and volatile oil in pharmacologically effective amounts. Feeding of four weeks old chicks with Nigella sativa seeds in concentrations of 0, 1, 3 or 10 % yielded no differences of blood plasma chemistry values which are indicative of liver and kidney functions. Body mass were higher in chicks receiving N. s. seeds than control birds. The experimental vaccinations with formol-inactivated, aluminium-hydroxide adjuvanted paramyxovirus type 2 (PMV-2) and paramyxovirus type 3 (PMV-3) vaccines induced no significant differences in mean antibody titres as measured in the haemagglutination inhibition test. Feeding of N. s. seeds could not prevent clinical signs of coccidiosis and shedding of oocysts; following an accidental infection of the experimental chicks with Eimeria tenella oocysts. The recovery of chicks from a spontaneous coccidiosis appeared to be slightly faster in chicks receiving silmultaneously sulfaclozine-sodium and the seeds as compared to the untreated chicks. It is concluded that chicks of the layer type react much less pronounced on the ingredients of N. s. seeds than mammals do.

A monitoring plan of residual antibiotics in food of animal origin was conducted in Vietnam from 2012 to 2013. Meat samples were collected from slaughterhouses and retail stores in Ho Chi Minh City and Nha Trang. A total of 28 antibiotics were analyzed using a LC-MS/MS screening method. Sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and tilmicosin were detected in some of the samples. Sulfaclozine and fluoroquinolones were mainly detected in chicken samples, and sulfamethazine was mainly detected in pork samples. High levels of sulfonamide residues, ranging between 2500 and 2700 mu g/kg sulfaclozine and between 1300 and 3600 mu g/kg sulfamethazine, were present in two chicken and three pork samples, respectively. Tilmicosin was detected at ranges of 150-450 mu g/kg in 10 chicken samples. Positive percentages were 17.3, 8.8, and 7.4% for chicken, pork, and beef, respectively, for an average of 11.9%. The results suggest an appropriate withdrawal period after drug administration had not been observed in some livestock.